- Thomas Cook arranged special train between Leicester and Loughborough
in England (11 miles) for a temperance meeting; believed to be first
publicly advertised excursion train in England; charged one shilling per
person (included rail tickets and food); Cook was paid a share of the
fares actually charged to the passengers, as the railway tickets, being
legal contracts between company and passenger, could not have been
issued at his own price; began to arrange excursions for pleasure, took
percentage of the railway tickets; 1844 - Midland Counties Railway
Company made permanent arrangement with him provided he found the
passengers; 1856 - introduced railway tour of Europe;
early 1860s - began the travel firm of Thomas Cook and
son; 1880s - took on military transport and postal services for England
and Egypt; May 26, 1972 - acquired in Midland Bank-led
buyout; 2002 - acquired by the German company C&N
Touristic AG, later changed its name to Thomas Cook AG (jointly owned by
Lufthansa and Karstadt).
1869 - John F. Fugazi, immigrant
from Milan, founded Fugazi travel agency in San Francisco.
June 5, 1882
- John Mitchell Lyons, railway clerk in Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
(headquarters of Intercolonial Railway of Canada), received a Canadian
patent for "Improvements in Baggage Checks and Coupon Tickets"; way to
track and identify luggage; baggage check separated into halves along
perforation; both pieces printed with same route information and
identifying number; one half attached to bag, other given to passenger
to claim luggage at destination.
March 7, 1911 - Willis S. Farnsworth
and William H. Reed, of Petaluma, CA, received a patent for a "Magazine
Hinge and Conveyer"; coin-operated locker; assigned to Coin Controlled
Lock Co.
June 15, 1945
- Frank Barry, Joe Moran, other partners merged variety of competing
boat ride services, formed Circle Line company (3-hour cruise around
Manhattan cost $1.25); July 4, 1961 - carried its 10
millionth passenger; 1981 - Circle Line Sightseeing
Yachts, Inc. acquired by Karl G. Andren (founder of United Tank
Containers); formed New York Cruise Lines, Inc.; November 27, 1984
- registered "Circle Line" trademark first used December 31, 1950
(Conducting Sightseeing Cruise Services by Yacht or Boat); New York’s
oldest, largest provider of scheduled, chartered sightseeing, special
function cruises.
1957 -
Arthur Frommer, former Army intelligence officer posted in Berlin,
self-published 5,000 copies of "Europe on $5 A Day" (originally written
for GIs); sold for $.50 per copy; helped to change leisure travel;
showed average Americans they could afford a trip to Europe; 1965
- title changed to "Europe on $5 and $10 a Day"; 2004 -
changed to "Europe From $85 a Day".
March 8, 1994
- Don Ku, of Flushing, NY, received a patent for a "Wheeled Suitcase of
Luggage Support with Collapsible Towing Handle"; assigned to Liberty
Leather Products Co. Inc. (Brooklyn, NY).
2000 - Record 13.2 million
American traveled to Europe (European Travel Commission).
August 11, 2006
- Intrawest Corporation (owner of Mammoth, Stratton, Whistler, Tremblant
and other properties) agreed to biggest buyout of publicly traded
resort operator: about $1.8 billion cash by the Fortress Investment
Group.
October 1, 2007
- BBC Worldwide (British Broadcasting Corporation) acquired Lonely
Planet, travel guidebook company for an undisclosed sum (75% from
founders Tony and Maureen Wheeler; 25% from John Singleton, shareholder
since 1999).
August 2008 - Hotel industry in
Hawaii hit hard by slowdown in travel:
(American Society of Travel Agents), George L. Fichtenbaum (1990).
Passport to the World: The History of ASTA. (Alexandria, VA:
American Society of Travel Agents, 472 p.). American Society of Travel
Agents--History; Travel Agents--United States--Societies, etc.--History.
(Brewster Transport), E.J. Hart (1981). The Brewster Story: From Pack
Train to Tour Bus. (Banff, AB: Brewster Transport Company, Ltd., 163
p.). Brewster family; Brewster Transport Company; Bus lines -- Alberta
-- Banff; Sightseeing business -- Alberta -- Banff.
(Compass), Amir D. Aczel (2001).
The Riddle of the Compass: The Invention That Changed the World.
(New York, NY: Harcourt, 178 p.). Compass.
(Compass), Alan Gurney (2004).
Compass: A Story of Exploration and Innovation. (New York, NY:
Norton, 288 p.). British Writer, Photographer, Yacht Designer.
Compass--History.
(Thomas Cook), Piers Brendon (1991).
Thomas Cook: 150 Years of
Popular Tourism. (London, UK: Secker & Warburg, 372 p.).
Thomas Cook Ltd.--History; Travel agents--History.
(Cruise West), Charles B. West (1985).
Mr. Alaska: The Chuck West Story: Forty Years of Alaska Tourism,
1945-1985. (Seattle, WA: Weslee Pub., 153 p.). West, Charles B.,
1914- ; Travel agents--Alaska--Biography.
(Global Group), Steve Baker (2004).
Pushing Water Uphill with a Rake: Memoirs of a Successful Failure.
(Merric Publishing, 207 p.). Business Marketing Consultant. Baker,
Steve; Global Group; travel services; lawsuit.
(Hawke's Bay Motor Company), Leonard Ernest Anderson (1967).
Coaches North; The Story of the Hawke's Bay Motor Company.
(Auckland, NZ: Reed, 124 p.). Hawke's Bay Motor Company.
(Holland-Amerika Lijn), H.A. Dalkmann and A.J. Schoonderbeek (1998).
One Hundred and Twenty-Five Years of Holland America Line: A Company
History. (Edinburgh, Scotland: Pentland Press, 439 p.). Holland-Amerika
Lijn.
(Lindblad Travel), Lars-Eric Lindblad with John G. Fuller; introduction by Roger Tory
Peterson (1983).
Passport to Anywhere: The Story of Lars-Eric
Lindblad. (New York, NY: Times Books, 305 p.). Lindblad,
Lars-Eric; Travel agents--Sweden--Biography; Safaris; pioneered
expedition travel ( "eco-tourism").
(Lonely Planet Publications), Tony & Maureen Wheeler (2005).
Once While Travelling: The Lonely Planet Story. (Camberwell,
Vic.: Penguin Group (Australia), 391 p.). Founders, Lonely Planet
Publications. Wheeler, Tony, 1946- ; Wheeler, Maureen; Lonely
Planet Publications (Firm); Travel--Anecdotes;
Travelers--Australia--Biography; Publishers and
publishing--Australia--Biography.
Evolution of
travel guide business into world’s largest independent travel publishing company.
--- (2007).
Unlikely Destinations: The Lonely Planet Story:
How Two Backpackers Trekked Across Asia-and Revolutionized the
World of Independent Travel.
(North Clarendon, VT: Tuttle Publishing, 416 p.). Wheeler, Tony,
1946- ; Wheeler, Maureen; Lonely Planet Publications (Firm);
Travel--Anecdotes; Travelers--Australia--Biography; Publishers and
publishing--Australia--Biography.
1970 - met
during Belfast-born Maureen's first week in London, went
on planned one-year trip through Far East, ended up stranded, penniless in Australia; decided to
publish short travel guide on Asia, became basis of
multinational company.
(Mount Cook Company), Harrry Wigley (1979).
The Mount Cook Way:
The First Fifty Years of the Mount Cook Company. (Auckland, NZ:
Collins, 218 p.). Mount Cook Company.
(Rosenbluth Intl.), Hal F. Rosenbluth and Diane McFerrin Peters
(1992).
The Customer Comes Second: And Other Secrets of Exceptional
Service. (New York, NY: Morrow, 240 p.). Organizational
effectiveness; Employee motivation; Quality of work life; Travel
agents--Management.
(Travelmart), Marge Lawson (2001). The Travelmart Story: Story
of How It All Began: Written in Celebration of our 50th Anniversary,
1952-2002: Memories. (North Olmstead, OH: Snow Book Co., 260 p.).
Travelmart (Firm)--History; Travel agents--History.
(TUI AG), von Bernhard Stier und Johannes Laufer (2005).
Von der Preussag zur TUI: Wege und Wandlungen eines Unternehmens
1923-2003. (Essen, Germany: Klartext, 632 p.). Preussag zur
TUI;. One of the most radical restructuring
processes in German business history.
(Tunibra Travel), Sonia Sahao (2000). Takeharu Akagawa: Uma Vida
Dedicada ao Turismo. (Sao Paulo, SP: Edicon, 159 p.). Akagawa,
Takeharu, 1909- ; (Sa~o Paulo (Brazil)); Travel
agents--Brazil--Biography.
Robert C. Allen (2004).
Creating Hawai'i Tourism: A Memoir. (Honolulu, HI: Bess Press,
258 p.). President and Director of Hawaii Visitors Bureau, Grayline
Hawaii and the Hotel Operating Co. Allen, Robert Coleman; Travel
agents--Hawaii--Biography; Businessmen--Hawaii--Biography;
Tourism--Hawaii--History.
Mark Daniel Barringer (2002).
Selling Yellowstone: Capitalism and the Construction of Nature.
(Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 238 p.). Concessions
(Amusements, etc.) --Yellowstone National Park --History; Resort
development --Yellowstone National Park --History; Land use
--Yellowstone National Park --History; Capitalism --Social aspects
--Yellowstone National Park --History; Capitalism --Environmental
aspects --Yellowstone National Park --History; Nature --Effect of
human beings on --Yellowstone National Park --History; Yellowstone
National Park --History; Yellowstone National Park --Economic
conditions; Yellowstone National Park --Environmental conditions.
Dina Berger (2006).
The Development of Mexico’s Tourism Industry: Pyramids by Day,
Martinis by Night. (New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 164 p.).
Assistant Professor of Modern Latin American History (Loyola
University Chicago). Tourism--Mexico--History.
Author demystifies emergence of modern tourism, demonstrates how
tourist boosters capitalized on broader shifts in U.S.-Mexican
relations.
Mansel G. Blackford (2001).
Fragile Paradise: The Impact of Tourism on Maui, 1959-2000.
(Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 277 p.). Tourism
--Environmental aspects --Hawaii --Maui; Maui (Hawaii) --Economic
conditions.
Catherine Cocks (2001).
Doing the Town: The Rise of Urban Tourism in the United States,
1850-1915. (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 287
p.). Tourism--United States; Cities and towns--United States.
Michael Dawson (2004).
Selling British Columbia: Tourism and Consumer Culture, 1890-1970.
(Vancouver, BC: UBC Press, 274 p.). Tourism--British
Columbia--History; Tourism--British Columbia--Marketing--History;
Consumption (Economics)--Canada--History;
Tourisme--Colombie-Britannique--Histoire;
Tourisme--Colombie-Britannique--Marketing--Histoire; Consommation (Économie
politique)--Canada--Histoire.
J. Valerie Fifer (1988).
American Progress: The Growth of the
Transport, Tourist, and Information Industries in the Nineteenth-Century
West, Seen Through the Life and Times of George A. Crofutt, Pioneer and
Publicist of the the Transcontinental Age. (Chester, CT: Globe
Pequot Press, 472 p.). Crofutt, George A.; Businessmen -- United States
-- Biography; Transportation -- West (U.S.) -- History -- 19th century;
Advertising -- Transportation -- West (U.S.) -- History -- 19th century;
Tourism -- West (U.S.) -- History -- 19th century.
Kristoffer A. Garin (2005).
Devils on the Deep Blue Sea: The Dreams, Schemes, and Showdowns
that Built America's Cruise Ship Empires. (New York, NY:
Viking, 384 p.). Cruise lines--United States; Cruise ships--United
States; Ocean travel.
E.J. Hart (1983).
The Selling of Canada: The CPR and the
Beginnings of Canadian Tourism. (Banff, AB: Altitude Pub., 180 p.).
Canadian Pacific Railway Company -- History; Tourism -- Canada --
History; Advertising -- Tourism -- Canada -- History; Canadian Rockies
(B.C. and Alta.) -- Description and travel.
Victor T.C. Middleton with the late L.J. Lickoris (2005).
British Tourism: The Remarkable Story of Growth. (Boston, MA:
Butterworth-Heinemann, 209 p.). Former chairman of the UK Tourism
Society. Tourism--Great Britain.
N.J. Morgan, Annette Pritchard (1999).
Power and Politics at the Seaside: Development of Devon's Resorts in the
20th Century. (Exeter, UK: University of Exeter Press, 250 p.).
Tourism -- Great Britain -- History; Development--Resorts.
Political, power relations in modern seaside resort
development in Devon -
England's most popular domestic holiday destination; complex interplay between ideology, class,
power and consumption of landscape and place.
Nicholas T. Parsons (2007).
Worth the Detour: A History of the Guidebook. (Gloucestershire,
UK: Sutton Publishing, 378 p.). Guidebooks--travel; Publishers and
publishing--travel--history. History of guidebooks from medieval to
modern times; mutation of genre over time: problem of
authenticity, snobbery, political candor.
Hal K. Rothman (1998).
Devil's Bargains: Tourism in the Twentieth-Century American West.
(Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 434 p.). Tourism--West
(U.S.).
Eds. Philip Scranton and Janet F. Davidson (2006).
The Business of Tourism: Place, Faith, and History.
(Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania, 312 p.). Professor of
History (Rutgers University); Historian at the Cape Fear Museum
(Wilmington, NC). Tourism--Economic aspects; Tourism--Social aspects.
Tourism as local, global enterprise from 1860s
to1990s; cultural practice of tourism linked to businesses that create
cultural experiences.
Anthony J. Stanonis (2006).
Creating the Big Easy: New Orleans and the Emergence of Modern Tourism,
1918-1945. (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 317 p.).
Visiting Assistant Professor of History (Texas A&M University).
Tourism--Louisiana--New Orleans--History; New Orleans (La.)--Description
and travel. Volunteers, businessmen reframed their city as romantic,
exotic tourist destination.
Lynne Withey (1997).
Grand Tours and Cooks' Tours: A History of
Leisure Travel, 1750-1915. (New York, NY: Morrow, 401 p.). Voyages
and travels--History.
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