Colonel Daniel Mead - Mead Corporation (https://www.ataglance.com/ wcss/images/mead/ sub_images/1846.jpg)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hugh Chisholm - primary founder of International Paper (http://www.paperhall.org/ inductees/ photos/1998pix/chisholm.jpg)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Austin E. Cofrin - Fort Howard Paper (http://www.paperhall.org/ inductees/ photos/1996pix/cofrin.jpg)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Lyle's Golden Syrup - Guinness World Record (http://www.buybritish.net/ store/ image.php?productid=18570)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Zenas Crane - Crane Co. (http://www.berkshireweb.com/ themap/ dalton/images/ zenascrane1.jpg)

William Painter - Crown Cork & Seal  (http://www.invent.org/ images/images_hof/ induction/lores/ PainterWP5240066190h.jpg)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Georgia-Pacific Founder Owen Cheatham

Owen Cheatham - Georgia Pacific (http://www.gp.com/aboutus/ history/ images/pres_cheatham.gif)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hugh Chisholm (http://www.paperhall.org/ inductees/ photos/1998pix/ chisholm_tn.jpg) (President, IP, 1898-1907)

John A. Kimberly, Havilah Babcock, Charles B. Clark, and Frank C. Shattuck (founders of Kimberly-Clark) (si_1_3_1_1.jpg)

http://www.paperhall.org/ inductees/ photos/1995pix/ ja_kimberly.jpg

http://www.paperhall.org /inductees/ photos/1999pix/cb_clark.jpg

 

Daniel Mead

Daniel E. Mead (danmead.jpg)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ruben Rausing - Tetra Pak (http://www.tetrapak.ca/ images/ruben.jpg)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Samuel Dennis Warren (http://www.warren.lib. me.us/SDW052.gif)

 
PAPER & PACKAGING - Business History of Companies

Interesting Dates

March 11, 105, A.D. - Ts'ai Lun, an official at the Chinese Imperial Court at the Han Dynasty in China, invented paper, made from bamboo, mulberry, and other fibers, along with fish nets and rags; before Tsai, Lun, books were made of bamboo (heavy and clumsy) or silks (very expensive), sheepskin or calfskin in the West.

1798 - Nicolas-Louis Robert received a French patent for a paper making machine, a moving screen belt that would receive a continuous flow of stock and deliver an unbroken sheet of wet paper to a pair of squeeze rolls; 1807 - Henry and Sealy Fourdrinier received English patent for improved version of Robert's machine; 1809 - John Dickinson, an English papermaker, devised a cylinder paper machine for making paper boards.

1801 - Zenas Crane, Henry Wiswall and John Willard founded Crane Co.; original one-vat mill has daily output of 20 posts (1 post = 125 sheets); 1842 - begins making paper for banknotes; 1844 - develops a method to imbed parallel silk threads in banknote paper to denominate notes and deter counterfeiting; 1901 - operates four mills, produces several lines of paper,  employment near 1,000; 1922 - Crane & Co. incorporated,  Frederick G. Crane elected president.

July 24, 1806 - Henry Fourdrinier received a British paten for a Paper-Making Machine (method of making a machine for manufacturing paper of an indefinite length, laid and wove, with separated moulds).

January 19, 1825 - Ezra Daggett and Thomas Kensett, of New York, NY, received a patent for "Preserving Animal Substances"; process for canning food in tin containers.

September 11, 1841 - John Rand, of Middlesex, England, received a patent for "Metal Rolls for Paint" (a "mode of preserving paints, and other fluids, by confining them in close mettalic vessels so constructed as to collapse with slight pressure, and thus force out the paint or fluid confined therein through proper openings for that purpose"); collapsible tubes; 1892 - reinvented for the commercial packaging of toothpaste; Dr. Washington Sheffield (CT) marketed Dr. Sheffield's Creme Dentifrice (toothpaste) in collapsible tube; 1953 - first collapsible polythene tubes for skin-tanning lotion produced in the U.S.

September 30, 1841 - Samuel Slocum, of Poughkeepsie, NY, received a patent  for "Papering Pins" ("Machine for Sticking Pins into Papers"); 1839 - formed company to make what became known as "Poughkeepsie pins".

1846 - Colonel Daniel Mead and partners founded Ellis, Chafflin & Company in Dayton, OH; produced book, other printing papers; 1856 - bought out original partners with a friend, formed Weston and Mead; 1860 - renamed Mead and Weston; 1866 - renamed Mead and Nixon; 1873 - reorganized firm as Mead & Nixon Paper Company; 1881 - bought out Nixon; 1882 - established The Mead Paper Company; 1891 - annual profit of nearly $50,000; one of largest paper producers in United States; 1905 - George Mead (grandson) appointed vice-president, general manager; reorganized company as Mead Pulp and Paper Company; February 17, 1930 - Mead Corporation incorporated; 1968 - acquired Data Corporation (later called Mead Technology Laboratories, developed technology which led to businesses in electronic information storage, retrieval) and Woodward Company (manufactured iron castings, rubber products); 1973 - formed Mead Data Central; developed LEXISR (world's leading computer-assisted legal research service) and NEXISR (leading full-text search and retrieval service for news and business information) systems; late 1980s - about 75% share of computerized legal research market; December 1994 - Mead Data Central acquired by Anglo-Dutch Reed Elsevier for $1.5 billion; January 28, 2002 - merged with Westvaco, name changed to MeadWestvaco.

December 26, 1854 - John Beardsley showed three samples of the first wood pulp paper made in the U.S. to the editor of the Buffalo, New York, newspaper Democrat; used basswood, a tree of the linden family; quickly replaced the other forms of paper-making materials then in use, including grasses, rag and flax; process had the advantage of increased speed and productivity.

October 7, 1856 - Cyrus Chambers, Jr., of Kennett Square, PA, received patent for a "Paper Folding Machine"; first practical U.S. machine to fold book and newspaper sheets; made three right angle folds to produce a sixteen page folded signature; machine installed in Bible printing house of Jasper Harding & Son, Philadelphia, PA; development of folding machine after 1862 was rapid; 1873 - machine patented that folded 16-page section, one of 8 pages, inset the latter, paste it in place; devices to cut and slit paper as it went through machine were introduced.

1857 - Joseph Gayetty invented toilet paper; invention failed; Walter Alcock, Great Britain, later developed toilet paper on a roll (vs. flat sheets); invention failed; 1867 - Thomas, Edward and Clarence Scott, of Philadelphia, PA, marketed toilet paper that consisted of a small roll of perforated paper; sold from a push cart; 1879 - brothers E. Irvin and Clarence Scott founded Scott Paper Company; 1902 - WALDORF tissue introduced, first branded product; 1931 - introduced first paper towel for the kitchen, created new grocery category; March 29, 1932 - registered "Waldorf" trademark first used in 1894 (tissue, creped, and absorbent papers);  1939 - largest selling brand in the U.S.A.; December 1996 - merged with  of Kimberly Clark.

January 5, 1858 - Ezra J. Warner, of Waterbury, CT, received patent for a "Can Opener" (a new and Useful Improvement in Instruments for Cutting Open Sealed Tin cans and Boxes"); design of a can opener (intended for grocers' use).

July 12, 1859 - William Goodale (Clinton, MA) received a patent for a "Machine for Making Paper Bags" ("certain new and useful Improvements in Machinery for Making Paper Bags". 

April 8, 1862 - John D. Lynde, of Philadelphia, PA, received a patent for an "Improved Bottle for Aerated Liquids" (a "new and useful Valve-Stopper for Bottles"); first aerosol dispenser.

April 5, 1864 - Edward Hamilton, of Chicago, IL, received a patent for "Closing or Stopping of Bottles" ("a mode of bottling liquid [whether charged with gases or not] by means of elastic and impervious balls specifically lighter than the liquid, but of diameter larger than that of the neck of the bottle"); assigned to Edward Hamilton and Henry B. Goodyear.

1866 - Benjamin Chew Tilghman invented sulphite process to make wood pulp for paper production (had found that sulphurous acid would dissolve the intercellular matter of wood, freeing the fibers for pulp).

October 2, 1866 - J. Osterhoudt in New York City received a patent for "Improved Method of Opening Tin Cans"; first tin can with a key opener.

1868 - Anthony Zellerbach began selling paper goods (stationary, bags, wrapping) from horse drawn wagon in San Francisco, CA; formed A. Zellerbach; 1885 - name changed to A. Zellerbach & Sons; 1907 - name changed to Zellerbach Paper Company; August 28, 1924 - Isadore Zellerbach (son) incorporated business  as holding company under name Zellerbach Corporation; 1928 - merged with Crown Willamette Paper Company (formed in 1914 by merger of Crown Columbia Paper Company, Willamette Pulp and Paper Company), formed Crown Zellerbach; 1986 - acquired by James River Company; 1997 - merged with Fort Howard Paper, formed Fort James Corporation; 2000 - acquired by Georgia-Pacific Corp., became leading global producer of tissue products.

July 19, 1870 - William W. Lyman of Meriden, CT, received a patent for a "Can Opener" ("relates to an improved instrument for opening metal cans and boxes"); household can opener with rotating cutter that pivoted around hole punched in center of can; 1925 - Star Can Company (San Francisco) introduced serrated rotation wheel (opened can while can rotated); December 1931 - Philips invented electric can opener; April 2, 1935 - Dewitt F. Sampson (Elmhurst, IL) and John M. Hethersall (Brooklyn, NY) received a patent for a "Container Opener" (object was "to provide a container opener which at one stroke or turning movement provides a substantial pouring opening in a wall of a container"); known as a "church key; assigned to American Can Company; October 31, 1967 - Omar L. Brown and Don B. peters, of Dayton, OH, received a patent for a "Ring-Shaped Tab for Tear Strips of Containers"; pull-open cans; assigned to Ermal C. Fraze.

July 25, 1871 - Seth Wheeler of Albany, NY received a patent for an "Improvement in Wrapping-Paper"; perforated wrapping paper; paper wound into rolls, easily torn off at perforations; saved cost of cutting, counting, bundling stacks of pre-cut sheets; made storage more convenient, saved paper from drying, becoming brittle by exposure to atmosphere.

December 19, 1871 - Albert L. Jones, of New York City, received first U.S. patent for an "Improvement in Paper for Packing" ("new and Improved Corrugated Packing-Paper"); assigned  patent to Thomson and Norris Company of Brooklyn (became first U.S. manufacturer of corrugated paper); 1890 - boxes made from corrugated paper came into use.

February 20, 1872 - Luther Childs Crowell, of Boston, MA, received a patent for an "Improvement in Paper Bags"; machine for manufacturing square-bottom paper bags (two longitudinal inward folds); 1879 - wholesale production began; remains the standard paper bag in use throughout the world; 3rd most prolific American inventor of 19th century, more than 280 patents.

July 23, 1872 - Hiram Codd, of Camberwell, Surrey, England, received a patent for an "Improvement in Bottles" (:for containing Aerated or Effervescing Liquids...the bottle when filled is closed by a glass ball held by the pressure within the bottle against a ring of elastic material placed around the interior of the mouth; and the interior of the mouth above such elastic ring I form of smaller diameter than the ball, so that, however great may be the pressure within the bottle, the stopper cannot be forced through the ring of elastic material").

October 22, 1872 - John Alfred Kimberly and Havilah Babcock, partners in general store, formed partnership with Charles B. Clark (28), junior partner in hardware store, and Franklyn C. Shattuck, traveling salesman, founded paper manufacturing business of Kimberly, Clark and Company on banks of Fox River in Neenah, WI, as a production facility (Globe Paper Mill) for newsprint, with $30,000 in capitalization; 1880 - incorporated, changed name to Kimberly & Clark Company, Inc.; 1906 - name changed to Kimberly-Clark Co.  with capital of $2 million; December 1996 - merged with Scott Paper, annual revenue of more than $13.5 billion, employer of 64,000 people.

1879 - Irvin and Clarence Scott founded Scott Paper Company in Philadelphia out of the remains of prior failed paper commission business; Irvin reportedly borrowed $2,000 from his father-in-law,  added it to the $300 the two brothers had to form capital of the company; 1890 - nation's leading producer of bathroom tissue.

June 17, 1879 - Charles G. Hutchinson, of Chicago, IL, received a patent for an "Improvement in Bottle-Stoppers"; seal with rubber stopper pulled out of bottle by wire attached to bottle; drinker pulled wire to open bottle; release of pressure caused a 'pop' sound (derivation of "soda pop"); widely used in early bottling of sodas; replaced by "Bottle-Sealing Device" for which William Painter, of Baltimore, MD, received a patent on February 2, 1892 and founded Crown Cork and Seal Company.

April 25, 1882 - Black American inventor, W.B. Purvis received a patent for a "Bag Fastener"; light metallic pronged fastening device designed to permit packages, especially wrapped in paper, to be "instantly sealed or bound up without the use of cord or its equivalent."

January 9, 1883 - Hiram Codd, of London, England, and Dan Rylands, of Barnsley, County of York, England, received a patent  for a "Bottle for Containing Aerated Liquids"; small valve on side neck of bottle released pressure, caused marble to loosen so liquid would not spill when bottle opened.

October 18, 1888 - William Luke, three sons founded Piedmont Pulp and Paper Company in MD to produce wood pulp using sulphite process; 1891 - began production of printing paper under name West Virginia Paper; November 10, 1897 - West Virginia Paper merged with West Virginia Pulp Company of Davis, WV, formed West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company; 1969 - name changed to Westvaco to represent its diversified interests; produced wide range of pulp, paper products, many specialty chemicals derived from pulp, papermaking processes; January 2002 - merged with Mead Corporation, formed MeadWestvaco.

July 30, 1889 - John Alexander Wilson, of Dundee, Scotland, received a patent for a "Carriage-Axle Lubricator" with ("improved cup, cap or cover, which has a screw-threaded portion fitting into a correspondingly-screw-threaded recess in the bush or box"); assigned to Dan Rylands of Barnsley, England; screw cap.

February 2, 1892 - William Painter, of Baltimore, received a patent for a "Bottle-Sealing Device" ("metallic sealing-caps embodying certain novel characteristics"); bottle cap with cork seal; replaced time-consuming cork and wire bale method of sealing bottles, represented major saving for bottlers; founded Crown Cork and Seal Company, Inc. in Baltimore, MD. 

April 5, 1892 - Walter H. Coe, of Providence, RI, received a patent for a "Method of Packing Decorative Films"; packaging decorative gold leaf in roll form; W.H. Coe Mfg. Co. manufactured the gold leaf in rolls 67 feet in length in widths between 1/16 to 3-1/4 inches wide; packaging method allowed correctly precut widths to be matched to the application with correct lengths without need for overlapping pieces; waste was much reduced.

March 12, 1894 - Coca-Cola is sold in bottles for the first time.

December 17, 1895 - George L. Brownell, of Worcester, MA, received a patent for a "Machine for Making Paper Twine"; twisted strips or ribbons of paper into cord (strong as any known steel of the time).

December 5, 1896 - Dan Rylands, of Hope Glass Works, Yorkshire, and Dan Bullen received a British patent for "Improvements in Machines for Filling and Syruping Aerated and Carbonated Beverages" ("particularly applies to the filling of these beverages into bottles having screw stoppers provided with a central or other hole for filling purposes and having a valve or internal stopper for automatically sealing up said hole when the bottle is filled with gaseous fluid"); the screw cap.

1898 - Ernst R Behrend founded Ernst R Behrend Company; 1899 - changed company name to "Hammermill", after pulp and paper mill in Germany owned and operated by his father, Moritz Behrend (built on site of old drop hammer forge used to rework scrap wrought iron; referred to by locals as "the Hammer," thus name "Hammermill"); 1987 - acquired by International Paper Company.

January 31, 1898 - Hugh Chisholm merged 17 pulp and paper mills in New York, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont, Maine, Canada, formed International Paper, incorporated  in Albany, NY; nation's largest producer of newsprint, supplied 60% of all newsprint sold in  United States; Hugh Chisholm - president; 1901 - map of IP mills:

(http://www.hudsonrivermillproject.org/media/005/005l_fs.jpg)

April 19, 1898 - Edwin Norton, of Maywood, Il, received a patent for a "Can" ("shipping can for coffee, spices, and other like articles which will be of simple, cheap and efficient construction as a shipping-can and also serve as an opening and closing canister for protecting and preserving the contents of the can while the same is being used and which at the time will proven the can from being used a second time or over again in the sale of inferior goods under the original label by fraudulent persons"); vacuum-packing; assigned to himself and to Oliver W. Norton (used by Hills Bros.to marketed first 'vacuum-packed' coffee in 1903). 

1901 - Edwin Norton, head of Norton Brothers Tin Can & Plate Company in Toldeo, OH (founded 1868), consolidated sixty tin container companies, representing 123 factories; formed American Can Company; accounted for 91% of all cans produced in U. S.; April 22, 1902 - resigned due to health;  November 1904 - backed his son, formed rival Continental Can Company.

1913 - United States Congress eliminated tariffs on low-cost Canadian imports,  flooded U. S. markets, eroding IP share of newsprint market  1924 - Archibald Graustein elected president; 1931 - one of first paper companies to manufacture linerboard on Fourdrinier machine (produced inexpensive, high-quality grades for use in corrugated containers);  1940 - one of first integrated linerboard manufacturers in American pulp, paper industry; 1941 - reorganized,  recapitalized company, simplified corporate structure; 1950s - expanded overseas; 1959 - $1 billion in sales; 1980s - large-scale overhaul of mills; phased out inefficient linerboard operations, switched to more profitable bleached paper products; 1986 - acquired HammerMill Paper Company for $1.1 billion; 1988 - acquired Masonite Corporation; 1996 - sales of $20 billion (four-fold increase since 1986); March 1996 - merged with Federal Paper Board in in $3.4 billion transaction.

January 26, 1899 - St. Regis Paper Company incorporated; single newsprint plant in Deferiet, NY; 1984 - acquired by Champion International; June 2002 - acquired by International Paper.

April 1902 - Northern Paper Mills introduced "splinter-free" Northern Tissue (toilet paper).

1907 - Lawrence Luellen first became interested in an individual drinking cup; early 1908 - worked on perfecting the cups, completed work on a dispensing apparatus ("Luellen Cup & Water Vendor"), a vending machine that for a price of a penny would dispense a cool drink of water in an individual cup; December 15, 1910 - The Individual Drinking Cup Company of New York was incorporated in Maine (Luellen assigned his patents to the new company allowing it to manufacture cups); 1912 - Company's product was called the Health Kup, company developed first semi-automatic machine to produce them; 1916 - more than 100 railroads throughout the country had entered into contracts to sell the Company's products; 1919 - Health Kup became the Dixie Cup, named for a line of dolls made by Alfred Schindler's Dixie Doll Company in New York; 1957 - merged with American Can Company; 1982 - American Can was acquired by the James River Corporation of Virginia.

May 21, 1918 - Jacques Edwin Brandenberger, Swis chemist, of Thaon-les-Vosges, France, received a patent for "Composite Cellulose Film"; assigned to Societe Dite: :La Cellophane; cellophane - from cellulose (wood pulp derivative used to make film) and Greek word diaphanes ("transparent").

February 1919 - Austin E. Cofrin (36) started Fort Howard Paper Company; 1983 - acquired Maryland Cup Corp., nation's largest manufacturer of single use paper, plastic products for food and beverage service, major manufacturer of containers for ice cream, dairy, other food items; 1988 - taken private ($53 per share) by management, investment banker Morgan Stanley; 1995 - went public again; 1997 - acquired by James River Corp. (Richmond, VA), renamed Fort James, $7.3 billion consumer products company; July 17, 2000 - merged with Georgia-Pacific Corporation for $11 billion.

November 25, 1924 - Cellucotton Products Company (Neenah, WI) registered Kleenex trademark (Absorbent Pads or Sheets for Removing Cold Cream).

1926 - White Horse Distillers introduced screwcap for "Teachers' whisky; doubled sales of brand in six months.

1927 - Owen R. Cheatham founded Georgia Hardwood Lumber Co., in Augusta, GA, as wholesaler of hardwood lumber; 1938 - operated five sawmills in South; 1941-1945 - largest supplier of lumber to U.S. armed forces; 1948 - changed name to Georgia-Pacific Plywood & Lumber Co.; 1949 - listed on New York Stock Exchange, sales reached $37 million; 1951 - changed name to Georgia-Pacific Plywood Co.; 1956 - changed name to Georgia-Pacific Corp., 40 distribution centers, sales reached $121 million; 1990 - completed merger of Great Northern Nekoosa Corp., sales reached $12.7 billion; 2000 - acquired Fort James Corp. (consumer brands Brawny®, Quilted Northern®, Dixie), became world's leading manufacturer of tissue products, sales totaled $22 billion.

January 6, 1929 - Sheffield Farms of New York began using wax paper cartons instead of glass bottles for milk delivery.

January 24, 1935 - The Kreuger Brewing Company first sold beer in cans, in Virginia.

May 5, 1936 - Edward Ravenscroft, of Glencoe, IL, received patent for a "Bottle Mouth"; first screw-on bottle cap with a pour lip; Abbott Laboratories of North Chicago manufactured the bottles.

January 5, 1937 - Samuel D. Young, of Birmingham, England,  received a patent for a "Closure for Bottles or Other Containers";  aluminum screw-type bottle cap; assigned patent to Aluminum Company of America.

August 22, 1939 - Julian Kahn, of New York City, received a patent for an "Apparatus for Mixing a Liquid with a Gas" ("discharging...the mixture though a constricted orifice"); predecessor of aerosol spray can; use extended to applications such as dispensing paints, pharmaceuticals and insecticides.

June 8, 1943 - Lyle D. Goodhue, of Berwyn, MD, and William N. Sullivan, of Washington, DC, two U.S. Dept. of Agriculture researchers, a chemist and an entomologist, received a patent for a "Method of Applying Parasiticides"; assigned to Department of Agriculture; October 5, 1943 - received a patent for a "Dispensing Apparatus" ("provision in combination with a container adapted adapted to hold a liquid under pressure and a spray device for dispensing the liquid, of means for separating out a predetermined quantity of liquid in the container and expelling with the spray device this predetermined quantity as a unit dose so that each dose dispensed will be exactly the same. This permits a high degree of controlled application...especially useful in the application of aerosols and fumigants"); first aerosol can used in commercial application (oil-free insecticides in mushroom houses); used during WW II to protect troops from malaria-carrying mosquitoes.

December 1950 - Ruben Rausing and Erik Wallenberg founded AB Tetra Pak in Lund, Sweden, as a subsidiary of uerlund & Rausing. May 18, 1951 - New packaging system was presented to the press.

March 17, 1953 - Robert H. Abplanalp, of Bronx, NY, received a patent for a "Valve Mechanism for Dispensing Gases and Liquids Under Pressure"; crimp on valve enabled liquids to be sprayed from a can under the pressure of an inert gas; first clog-free valve for spray cans; 1949 - founded Precision Valve Corporation to manufacture valves for aerosol cans; produces 4 billion valves annually, employs 2,000 worldwide in more than 20 plants.

1959 - Ermal Fraze of Dayton Reliable Tool and Manufacturing Co. invented an improved beverage can, can with the opener, a lever, attached; 1962 - Pittsburgh Brewing Co., maker of Iron City Beer, ordered 100,000 cans, beer sales soared 400 percent in the next six months; 1965 - developed ring-pull version that caused less bloodshed; over seventy-five percent of beer brewers in the United States of America had adopted Fraze's can; October 31, 1967 - Omar L. Brown and Don B. Peters, of Dayton, OH, assigned patent to Ermal Fraze of Dayton Reliable Tool and Manufacturing Co. for a "Ring Shaped Tab for Tear Strips of Containers" ("relates to a container having a portion of its wall weakened to serve as a tear strip and, more particularly, relates to the structure of the tab that is attached to the tear strip to serve as a manual mean of severing the strip"); "pop-top" (ring-pull) can assigned ; 1970s - developed a now-mandatory non-removable ring, which reduced litter.

September 25, 1974 - Scientists reported that freon gases released from aerosol spray cans were destroying the ozone layer.

July 17, 1995 - Kimberly Clark merged with Scott Paper in $9.4 billion deal; created Fortune 100 global consumer products company.

2006 - Guinness World Records named Lyle's Golden Syrup (first packaged in tins on January 10, 1885 at Plaistow Wharf in London's Docklands) as world's oldest branding/packaging.

January 29, 2007 - Abitibi-Consolidated Inc. and rival Bowater Inc. (largest, second-largest newsprint producers in North America) announced merger; created North American third largest competitor in global forest- and paper-product market with annual sales of $7.9 billion; AbitibiBowater will own 55-60% of the newsprint capacity in North America.

(Abitibi-Price), Philip Mathias. (1976). Takeover: The 22 Days of Risk and Decision That Created the World's Largest Newsprint Empire, Abitibi-Price. (Toronto, ON: Maclean-Hunter, 287 p.). Abitibi Paper Company; Harrison Price Company; Newsprint -- Canada; Paper industry -- Canada; Consolidation and merger of corporations -- Canada.

(Albany International), Lorna Skaaren; editor, John Gurda (1995). Albany International, The First One Hundred Years = Albany International, 100 Anniversary. (Albany, NY: Albany International Corporation, 108 p.). Albany International Corp.--History; Paper products industry--United States--History.

(AMCOR), E.K. Sinclair (1991). The Spreading Tree: A History of APM and AMCOR 1844-1989. (North Sydney, NSW: Allen & Unwin, 278 p.). Amcor Limited--History; Paper industry--Australia--History; Conglomerate corporations--Australia--History.

(American Business Products Inc.), Henry Curtis with Don McKee (1981). An American Adventure. (Atlanta, GA: American Business Products, 511 p.). Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. American Business Products, Inc.--History. 

(Appleton Papers Inc.), Russ Banham (2007). Appleton: Applying Technology for Performance. (Old Saybrook, CT: Greenwich Pub. Group,, 144 p,). Appleton Papers, Inc. --History; Paper industry --Wisconsin --Appleton --History; Papermaking --Wisconsin --Appleton --History.

(Blake Moffitt and Towne), Wilson, Neill Compton Wilson (1955). Deep Roots; The History of Blake, Moffitt & Towne, Pioneers in Paper Since 1855. (San Francisco: The Company, 112 p.). Blake, Moffitt and Towne.

(Blue Ridge Paper Products), George Loveland (2005). Under the Workers' Caps: From Champion Mill to Blue Ridge Paper. (Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 201 p.). Blue Ridge Paper Products; Employee ownership--United States; Paper industry workers--United States. 

(Boise Cascade - established in 1957 by the merger of Boise Payette Lumber Company and Cascade Lumber Company), Herman L. Boschken (1974). Corporate Power and the Mismarketing of Urban Development; Boise Cascade Recreation Communities. (New York, NY: Praeger, 283 p.). Boise Cascade Corporation; Recreation -- Economic aspects -- United States -- Case studies; Land use -- United States -- Case studies; Marketing -- Management -- United States -- Case studies.

(Bowater), W.J. Reader (1981). Bowater, a History. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 426 p.). Bowater Paper Corporation Limited--History.

(J. W. Butler Paper Co. ), Robert F. Karolevitz (1980). Paper Mountain: The Story of Frank Osgood Butler, 1861-1955. (Brookings, SD: F. O. Butler Foundation, 106 p.). Butler, Frank Osgood, 1861- ; Businesspeople--United States--Biography; Paper industry--United States.

(Cascades Inc.), Gérard Cuggia (1989). Cascades: Le Triomphe du Respect. (Montréal, QU: Editions Québec/Amérique, 425 p.). Cascades inc.--History; Paper industry--Québec (Province)--History.

(Champion International), Richard A. Bartlett (1995). Troubled Waters: Champion International and the Pigeon River Controversy. (Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 348 p.). Champion International Corporation; Paper industry--Waste disposal--Environmental aspects--Pigeon River (N.C. and Tenn.); Water--Pollution--Pigeon River (N.C. and Tenn.).

(Champion International - created in 1967 by the merger of US Plywood and Champion Paper & Fibre), Richard Ault, Richard Walton, Mark Childers (1998). What Works: A Decade of Change at Champion International. (San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 182 p.). Champion International Corporation -- Reorganization; Paper industry -- United States -- Case studies; Organizational change -- United States -- Case studies. 

(Chesapeake Corporation - founded 1918), Alonzo Thomas Dill (1987). Chesapeake: Pioneer Papermaker; a History of the Company and Its Community. (West Point, VA: Chesapeake Corp., 424 p. [2nd ed.]). Chesapeake Corporation of Virginia--History; Paper industry--United States--History.

(Chesapeake Corporation), Mary Wakefield Buxton (1999). Bringing in the Wood: The Way It Was at Chesapeake Corporation. (Richmond, VA: Chesapeake Corporation, 187 p.). Chesapeake Corporation of Virginia--History; Forest products industry--Chesapeake Bay Region (Md. and Va.)--History; Wood-pulp industry--Chesapeake Bay Region (Md. and Va.)--History; Lumber trade--Chesapeake Bay Region (Md. and Va.)--History; Log transportation--Chesapeake Bay Region (Md. and Va.)--History; Shipping--Chesapeake Bay (Md. and Va.)--History.

(Container Corporation of America--History), Edited Susan Black (1976). The First Fifty Years, 1926-1976. (Chicago, IL: Container Corporation of America, 104 p.). Container Corporation of America--History.

(Crane), Wadsworth R. Pierce (1977). The First 175 years of Crane Papermaking. (Dalton, MA, Crane: 76 p.). Crane (Firm).

(Crown Cork & Seal), compiled by Orrin Chalfant Painter (1914). William Painter and His Father, Dr. Edward Painter: Sketches and Reminiscences. (Baltimore, MD: Arundel Press, 152 p.). Painter, William, 1838-1906; Painter, Edward, 1812-1875; Crown Cork & Seal Company; Bottling machinery.

(Crown Zellerbach), Leib-Keyston and Co., (1927). Zellerbach, The House of Paper. (San Francisco, CA: Leib-Keyston and Co.,, 52 p.). Zellerbach, Anthony, 1831-1911; Zellerbach Paper Company; Zellerbach Corporation, San Francisco.

(Crown Zellerbach), George S. Armstrong & Co., Inc. (1937). Crown Zellerbach Corporation. (San Francisco, CA, 148 p.). Zellerbach Paper Company; Zellerbach Corporation, San Francisco.

(John Dickinson and Co.), Joan Evans (1955). The Endless Web; John Dickinson & Co., ltd., 1804-1954. (London, UK: Cape, 274 p.). John Dickinson and Co.; Paper industry--History.

(Federal Paper Board), Richard Blodgett (1991). Federal Paper Board at Seventy-Five: The Intimate History of an American Enterprise. (Essex, CT: Greenwich Pub. Group, 223 p.). Federal Paper Board Company--History; Paperboard industry--United States--History; Paper box industry--United States--History; Conglomerate corporations--United States--History.

(Field Container Company), Eli Field (2001). Eli: The Story of a Patriarch. (Chicago, IL: E. Field, 666 p.). Founder (Field Container Company). Field, Eli, 1910- ; Field Container Company; Businessmen--Illinois--Biography; Philanthropists--Illinois--Biography; Illinois--Biography. largest independent company in the paperboard packaging industry.

(Georgia-Pacific), John R. Ross (1978). Maverick, The Story of Georgia-Pacific. (Portland, OR: Georgia-Pacific, 318 p.). Georgia-Pacific Corporation--History.

(Gilbert Paper), Mark Bernstein and William Hoest (1987). Paper with Presence: A Gilbert Century. (Menasha, WI: Gilbert Paper, 204 p.). Gilbert family; Gilbert Paper (Firm).

(Guard Bridge Paper Company), Lorna Weatherill (1974). One Hundred Years of Papermaking: An Illustrated History of the Guard Bridge Paper Company Ltd, 1873-1973. (Edinburgh, Scotland: T. & A. Constable, 123 p.). Guard Bridge Paper Company; Guard Bridge, Scotland--History.

(Gulf States Paper), D. B. Fletcher (1984). Progress, Gulf States Paper Corporation: Our First Hundred Years, 1884-1984. (Tuscaloosa, AL: The Corporation, 204 p.). Gulf States Paper Corporation--History; Paper industry--United States--History.

(Hammermill), Michael J. McQuillen and William P. Garvey (1985). The Best Known Name in Paper: Hammermill, a History of the Company. (Erie, PA: Hammermill Paper Co., 206 p.). Hammermill Paper Company--History; Paper industry--United States--History.

(Dard Hunter), Dard Hunter (1958). My Life with Paper An Autobiography. (New York, NY: Knopf, 236 p.). Hunter, Dard, 1883-1966; Hunter, Dard, 1883-1966; Paper industry--Biography.

(Dard Hunter), Cathleen A. Baker (2000). By His Own Labor: The Biography of Dard Hunter. (New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press, 332 p.). Hunter, Dard, 1883-1966; Papermakers--United States--Biography; Papermaking--History.

(International Paper), International Paper Company (1948). International Paper Company After Fifty Years, 1898-1948. (New York, NY: International Paper Company, 110 p.). International Paper Company; Paper industry.

(International Paper), Elwood R. Maunder (1974). J. E. McCaffrey: Go South Young Man; An Interview Conducted by Elwood R. Maunder. (Santa Cruz, CA: Forest History Society, Oral History Office, 262 p.). McCaffrey, Joseph E., 1896- ; International Paper Company; Forests and forestry--United States--History.

(Kimberly-Clark), Robert Spector (1997). Shared Values: A History of Kimberly-Clark. (Lyme, CT: Greenwich Pub. Group, 239 p.). Kimberly-Clark Corporation--History; Paper industry--United States--History. Based on research and a manuscript by William W. Wicks.

(Kimberly-Clark), Thomas Heinrich and Bob Batchelor (2004). Kotex, Kleenex, Huggies: Kimberly-Clark and the Consumer Revolution in American Business. (Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press, 272 p.). Robert F. Friedman Professor of American History (Baruch College); Business Writer and Historian. Kimberly-Clark Corporation--History; Sanitary supply industry--United States--History; Consumer behavior--United States--Case studies. 

(Mead Corporation - Daniel Mead becomes sole owner of mill built in 1846 by Ellis, Chaflin & Co.), William H.A. Carr (1989). Up Another Notch: Institution Building at Mead. (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 228 p.). McSwiney, James W.; Mead Corporation--Management; Paper industry--United States--Management; Forest products industry--United States--Management.

(Menasha Corporation), Mowry Smith and Giles Clark (1974). One Third Crew, One Third Boat, One Third Luck: The Menasha Corporation (Menasha Wooden Ware Company) Story, 1849-1974. (Neenah, WI: Menasha Corp., 175 p.). Menasha Corporation--History; Container industry--United States--History; Coopers and cooperage--Wisconsin--Menasha--History.

(Menasha Corporation), Richard Blodgett (1999). Menasha Corporation: An Odyssey of Five Generations. (Lyme, CT: Greenwich Pub. Group, 168 p.). Menasha Corporation--History; Container industry--United States--History; Coopers and cooperage--Wisconsin--Menasha--History. 

(Metal Box Ltd. - now division of Crown, Cork & Seal), W. J. Reader (1976). Metal Box: A History. (London, UK: Heinemann, 256 p.). Metal Box Company; Ltd.; Container industry--Great Britain.

(Nampak Limited), Anthony Hocking (1987). The Making of Nampak. (Bethulie, Orange Free State, South Africa: Hollards, 288 p.). Nampak Limited--History; Package goods industry--South Africa--History.

(Nekoosa Papers), compiled by J. Marshall Buehler (1987). The Nekoosa Story: A Commemorative History of Nekoosa Papers Inc. (Port Edwards, WI: Nekoosa Papers, 169 p.). Nekoosa Papers Inc.--History; Paper industry--United States--History.

(New Zealand Paper Mills Ltd.), John H. Angus (1976). Papermaking Pioneers: A History of New Zealand Paper Mills Limited and Its Predecessors. (Mataura, NZ: New Zealand Paper Mills Ltd., 211 p.). New Zealand Paper Mills Limited; Paper industry--New Zealand--History.

(Sandy Hill Corporation), J. Walter Juckett. (1982). In Retrospect. (Burlington, VT: G. Little Press, 376 p.). Juckett, J. Walter, 1908- ; Sandy Hill Corporation--Biography; Businesspeople--New York (State)--Biography.

(Sappi), Anthony Hocking (1987). Paper Chain: The Story of Sappi. (Bethulie, Orange Free State, South Africa: Hollards, 319 p.). Sappi (Firm)--History; Paper industry--South Africa--History.

(Wm. Sommerville & Co. Ltd.), Nigel Watson (1987). The Last Mill on the Esk: 150 Years of Papermaking. (Edinburgh, Scotland: Scottish Academic, 148 p.). Wm. Sommerville & Co. Ltd.; Scotland Lothian Region Penicuik Paper manufacturing industries.

(St. Regis), Elwood R. Maunder and John R. Ross (1976). Three Memoirs on St. Regis Paper Company History: Interviews with Eunice Remington Wardwell, Louise E. Richter, and Harold S. Sutton. (Santa Cruz, CA: Forest History Society, 108 p.). St. Regis Paper Company; Paper industry--New York (State)--History.

(St. Regis - bought by Champion International in 1984), Eleanor Amigo and Mark Neuffer ; Elwood R. Maunder, general editor (1980). Beyond the Adirondacks: The Story of St. Regis Paper Company. (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 219 p.). St. Regis Paper Company--History.

(Tetra Pak International), Peter Andersson och Tommy Larsson (1998). Tetra: Historien om Dynastin Rausing. (Stockholm, Sweden: Norstedt, 357 p.). Rausing, Ruben, 1895-1983; Tetra Pak International; Milk containers--Sweden--History; Milk trade--Technological innovations--Sweden.

(Thilmany Pulp & Paper Company), William W. Bremer and Holly J. Lyon (1983). "A Little Ways Ahead": The Centennial History of Thilmany Pulp & Paper Company, Kaukauna, Wisconsin. (Kaukauna, WI: The Company, 133 p.). Thilmany Pulp & Paper Company--History; Kaukauna (Wis.)--History.

(Topps), The Topps Company Inc.; with an Introduction by Art Spiegelman (2008). Wacky Packages. (New York, NY: Abrams, 240 p.). 1938 - Topps founded; American comics artist and editor. Consumer goods --Humor; Packaging --Humor. Collectible 'spoof' stickers, parodies of consumer products, well-known brands and packaging; first produced by Topps company in 1967; first two years - only Topps product to achieve higher sales than flagship line of baseball cards; revived in 1973; relaunched several times over years, most recently in 2007.

(Tullis Russell), Caroline Doris Mabel Ketelbey (1967). Tullis Russell: The History of R. Tullis & Company and Tullis Russell & Co. Ltd., 1809-1959. (Markinch (Fife), Scotland: Tullis Russell & Co., 283 p.). Tullis Russell & Company--History; Fife (Scotland)--Economic conditions. 

(Tullis Russell), Lorn Macintyre (1994). Sir David Russell: A Biography. (Edinburgh, Scotland: Canongate, 259 p.). Russell, David, Sir, 1872-1956; Papermakers--Scotland--Biography.

(S.D. Warren), S.D. Warren Co. (1955). A History of S. D. Warren Company: 1854-1954. (Westbrook, ME: Privately Printed, 120 p.). S.D. Warren Company--History; Paper mills--Maine--History; Corporations--United States--History.

Louis Andre (1996). Machines à Papier: Innovation et Transformations de l'Industrie Papetière en France: 1798-1860. (Paris, FR: Editions de l'Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales, 489 p.). Paper industry--France--History--19th century; Papermaking machinery--France--History--19th century.

Thomas Balston (1979). James Whatman, Father & Son. (New York, NY: Garland Pub., 170 p. [orig. pub. 1957]). Whatman, James, 1702-1759; Whatman, James, 1741-1798; Paper industry--Great Britain--History; Paper industry--Great Britain--Biography; Fathers and sons--Great Britain.

--- (1979). William Balston, Paper Maker, 1759-1849. (New York, NY: Garland Pub., 171 p.). Balston, William, 1759-1849; Paper industry--Great Britain--History; Paper industry--Great Britain--Biography.

Jean-Pierre Borgis (1991). Moulin-Vieux: Histoire d'une Papeterie Dauphinoise (1869-1989). (Grenoble, FR: Presses Universitaires de Grenoble, 287 p.). Papeterie de Moulin-Vieux--History; Paper industry--France--Pontcharra--History; Pontcharra (France)--History.

Margaret Bourke-White (1939). A Book of Pictures Illustrating the Operations in the Manufacture of Paper on Which To Print the World's News. (Montreal, QU: International Paper Sales Company, inc., 74 p.). First  Photographer for Fortune magazine. Paper-making and trade--Canada.

M. J. Franklin (1979). British Biscuit Tins, 1868-1939: An Aspect of Decorative Packaging. (London, UK: New Cavendish Books, 215 p.). Tin containers--Collectors and collecting.

--- (1984). British Biscuit Tins. (London, UK: Victoria & Albert Museum, 59 p.). Tin containers--Collectors and collecting.

David Griffith (1979). Decorative Printed Tins: The Golden Age of Printed Tin Packaging. (London, UK: Studio Vista. Tin containers--Collectors and collecting.

Thomas Hine (1995). The Total Package: The Evolution and Secret Meanings of Boxes, Bottles, Cans, and Tubes. (Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 289 p.). Packaging--Social aspects--United States; Packaging--United States--Psychological aspects; Advertising--Social aspects--United States.

Denis Lyddon and Peter Marshall (1975). Paper in Bolton: A Papermaker's Tale. (Altrincham, UK: Sherratt for Trinity Paper Mills Ltd., 208 p.). Paper industry--England--Lancashire--History; Lancashire (England)--Economic conditions.

Nancy Kane Ohanian (1993). The American Pulp and Paper Industry, 1900-1940: Mill Survival, Firm Structure, and Industry Relocation. (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 217 p.). Paper industry -- United States -- History -- 20th century; Wood-pulp industry -- United States -- History -- 20th century. Series Contributions in economics and economic history.

Leonard N. Rosenband (2000). Papermaking in Eighteenth-Century France: Management, Labor, and Revolution at the Montgolfier Mill, 1761-1805. (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 210 p.). Professor of History (Utah State University). Montgolfier family; Paper industry--France--Annonay--History; Industrial relations--France--Annonay--History. 

Lyman Horace Weeks (1969). A History of Paper-Manufacturing in the United States, 1690-1916. (New York, NY: B. Franklin, 352 p. [orig. pub. 1916]). Paper industry--United States--History.

__________________________________________________

Business History Links

A Brief History Of Paper             http://users.stlcc.edu/nfuller/paper/                                                 From: Neathery Batsell Fuller - Instructor of Anthropology (St. Louis Community College).

The American Package Museum http://www.packagemuseum.com/homepage/homepage_bg.jp         The primary objective is to preserve and display specimens of American package design from the early decades of the 20th century. The secondary objective is to establish a community for those interested in such an endeavor.

Crane Museum of Papermaking http://www.crane.com/navContent.aspx?NavName= AboutUs&DeptName=Museum                                                        Housed in Crane’s 1844 Old Stone Mill, first opened in the autumn of 1930.

Corrugated Packaging: Corrugated Basics http://cpc.corrugated.org/Basics/                                            Consumer materials about corrugated cardboard, cardboard that has "an arched layer, called 'fluting,' between smooth sheets." Features diagrams showing the structure of corrugated cardboard boxes, history of corrugated cardboard ("the first known corrugated material was patented for sweatband lining in tall hats of Victorian Englishmen"), and quick facts about the industry. From an industry initiative promoting corrugated paper packaging.

DuPont Awards for Packaging Innovation http://www2.dupont.com/Packaging/en_US/                                    DuPont Awards for Packaging Innovation is the industry’s longest running, independently judged global awards program honoring packaging materials, processes, technology and service innovations. The 20th DuPont Awards (2008) has a special focus on recognizing innovations that demonstrate breakthrough achievements in sustainability.

East Taunton Beer Can Museum http://kevslog.tripod.com/beercanmuseum/                                 Started in 1978 in Galveston, TX with Lone Star can, Texas Pride, few other odds and ends; over 3500 cans, beer trays, glasses, bottles, hundreds of coasters from around the world!

International paper Museum               http://www.papermakinghistory.org/                                           Established in October of 1994 - Research Institute of Paper History and Technology holds the tremendous collection of books, handmade paper and artifacts used in the making of paper, all of which have been collected by Elaine Koretsky and Donna Koretsky over the past thirty years.

The Museum of Bags                                  http://www.museumofbags.org/                                                               The mission of the Museum is to showcase the bag in all its forms as an icon illustrating the history and culture of society. The museum seeks to become an innovative, dynamic center recognized nationally and internationally for its collection of bags. Through compelling exhibitions and educational programs, the museum hopes to change forever the way visitors of all ages view a bag.

Museum of Brands, Packaging and Advertising www.mseumofbrands.com                                                                     Will feature some 10,000 objects spanning 200 years. Covering all areas of consumers' lives, from leisure activities to food and design, and the fashions of yesterday, it also includes a time tunnel taking museum goers from the Victorian period right through to the modern day.

Robert C. Williams American Museum of Papermaking (Institute of Paper Science and Technology) http://www.ipst.edu/amp/


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