1288 - Stora Koppaberg began copper mining in Falun, Sweden; world's oldest company of shareholders; 1347 - granted charter from King Magnus IV of Sweden; 17th century - largest copper-producer; 1998 - merged with and Finnish forestry products company Enso-Gutzeit Oy; company renamed Stora Enso Oyj.

March 23, 1821 - Bauxite was discovered in southern France; principal source of aluminum, used in abrasives and as a refractory for spark plugs and furnace linings.

1834 - Anson Phelps, a one-time saddle maker, and his son-in-law, William Dodge, a merchant in dry goods, founded Phelps Dodge as New York City-based mercantile company; traded American products to England in exchange for copper, iron, tin other metals needed in United States; 1881 - entered mining industry when it invested in share of Detroit Copper Mining Co. in Morenci, AZ; 1906 - exited import-export business altogether; early 1900s - among the first in the industry converted to open-pit mining from underground method; 1930s - entered copper refining, manufacturing business; 1970s - converted from trains to wheeled and tracked vehicles to haul equipment and ore within open-pit mines; mid-1980s - first to use solution extraction and electrowinning to process ore on commercial scale; March 19, 2007 - acquired by Freeport-McMoRan for $25.9 billion; created world's largest publicly traded copper mining company; operates under name Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc.

May 30, 1844 - Simeon Broadmeadow, of New York, NY, received a patent for "Making Iron Direct from Iron Ore" (an "Improvement in the Mode of Obtaining Wrought-Iron Directly from the Ore"); first patent related to iron ore.

September 5, 1844 - Iron ore discovered in Minnesota's Mesabi Mountains.

February 28, 1849 - Ship California arrived at San Francisco, carried  first gold-seekers.

January 6, 1857 - Samuel Wetherill, Bethlehem, PA, received a patent for a "Method of Obtaining Metallic Zinc from the Ores of Zinc" ("Improvement in the Processes of Reducing Zinc Ores"); first patent related to zinc ore.

June 12, 1859 - Two miners, Pat McLaughlin and Peter O'Reilly, discovered silver at the head of Six-Mile Canyon south of Reno, NV (eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada, 40 miles from the Truckee Meadows); fellow miner, Henry Thomas Paige Comstock, stumbled upon their find, claimed it was on his property (sold his mining interests for $10,000); "Comstock Lode" - richest known U.S. silver deposit; 1859 - 1878 - yielded $400 million in silver and gold; 1877 - peak production: over $14,000,000 of gold and $21,000,000 of silver; 1880 - considered exhausted; 1898 - virtually abandoned.

August 11, 1860 - Nation's first successful silver mill, Virginia City, Nevada.

February 1867 - Stephanus Erasmus Jacobs (15) found transparent stone on his father's farm, in Hopetown, South Africa (roughly center of country), on south bank of Orange River in Cape Colony; identified as 21,25 carat diamond; 1871 - Boer War (Dutch) settlers, Johannes Nicolaas d Beer and Diederik Arnoldus de Beer, bought farm in Bultfontein, South Africa (present capital of Northern Cape provence); July 16, 1871 - Esau Damoense, cook for so-called Red Cap Party led by Fleetwood Rawstorne, discovered handful of diamonds on slopes of Colesberg Kopje mine in Kimberley; July 18, 1871 - diamond rush began; de Beers sold farm to group of mining syndicates; June 5, 1873 - town named Kimberley, after British Secretary of State of the Colonies, John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley; 1870s-1880s - Kimberley mines produced 95% of world's diamonds; 1883 - Barney Barnato merged Barnato Diamond Mining Co. with Kimberley Central Mining Co.; 1889 - Cecil Rhodes prevailed over Barney Barnato, acquired Barnato's interests for £5,338,650 (about $25 million); formed De Beers Consolidated Mines Ltd.; 1903 - annual production of 3 million carats; 2006 - annual production of 10 million carats.

(source: http://griquatownandersons.com/Pictures/SouthAfrica.jpg)

September 6, 1869 - First major coal mine disaster in U.S. at Avondale, PA; fire broke out in mineshaft, 110 miners trapped, died.

November 26, 1872 - An article in the San Francisco Evening Bulletin exposed The Great Diamond Hoax, one of the most notorious mining swindles of the time; Kentucky cousins Philip Arnold and John Slack convinced San Francisco capitalists to invest in a worthless mine in the northwestern corner of Colorado; arrived in San Francisco in 1872, tried to deposit bag of uncut diamonds at a ban; when questioned, two men quickly disappeared, acted as if they were reluctant to talk about their discovery; bank director named William Ralston tracked down the men; assumed he was dealing with unsophisticated country bumpkins, set out to take control of diamond mine; two cousins agreed to take a blindfolded mining expert to the site; reported mine was rich with diamonds and rubies; Ralston joined with number of other prominent San Francisco financiers, formed New York Mining and Commercial Company, capitalized at $10 million; began selling stock to eager investors. Arnold and Slack received about $600,000 (small change in comparison to supposed value of diamond mine); at least 25 diamond exploration companies formed in subsequent months (convinced American West must have many other major deposits of diamonds); Clarence King, little-known young leader of a geographical survey of 40th parallel, exposed cousins' diamond mine as a hoax; was suspicious of mine from the start; correctly deduced the location of supposed mine, raced to investigate, realized swindlers had salted the mine (some gems showed jewelers-cut marks); exposed the fraud in newspapers, Great Diamond Hoax collapsed; Ralston returned $80,000 to each of his investors, never able to recover $600,000 given to two cousins; Arnold lived out the few remaining years of his life in luxury in Kentucky, died of pneumonia in 1878; Slack last reported to have worked as coffin maker in New Mexico; King's role in exposing fraud brought him national recognition, became first director of the United States Geological Survey.

April 9, 1876 - Fred and Moses Manuel (Quebec) discovered Homestake Ledge (or Lead, pronounced "Leed") in Northern Black Hills of Dakota Territory; staked 4 1/2 acre claim, built crude mil, took out $5,000 worth of gold; June 1877 - acquired for $70,000 by George Hearst (father of William Randolph Hearst) in partnership with James Haggin, Lloyd Tevis (president of Wells Fargo, 1972-1892); began operations to develop Homestake mine; 1879 - went public; 8,000-foot deep underground mine, open-pit mine, mill, gold refinery; has produced more than 39 million ounces since 1876, company's largest producer.

February 1887 - Cecil Rhodes, Charles Rudd formed Gold Fields of South Africa Ltd. to hold properties acquired on Transvaal, Witwatersrand gold fields; 1892 - renamed The Gold Fields of South Africa; became second largest gold producing group after Anglo American; 1989 - acquired by Hanson plc.

January 18, 1900 - English brothers Alexander and Francis Elmore, of Leeds, UK, received British patent for "Improvements in Separating Metallic from Rocky Constituents of Ores and Apparatus therefor"; flotation process to separate valuable ore, such as copper, from gangue (worthless rock) when mined; first practical equipment to extract metals from low-content ore.

April 4, 1902 - British financier Cecil Rhodes left $10 million in his will to provide scholarships for Americans at Oxford University in England.

May 12, 1902 - Union chief John Mitchell called for nationwide strike of mine workers; 140,000 members of United Mine Workers struck; lasted 5 months as mine owners, firmly anticipating that Federal government would rush to their side, refused to acknowledge coal union, enter negotiations. President Teddy Roosevelt threatened to hand control of mines to the Army; October 1902 - strikers returned to work, newly formed Commission of Arbitration began probe into conditions at nation's mines; 1903 - Commission recommended pay hikes, reduced hours for workers, mine owners recognize coal union.

(Coal), John Hatcher (1993). The History of the British Coal Industry: Before 1700 : Towards the Age of Coal  (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 656 p.). Coal trade--Great Britain--History; Coal mines and mining--Great Britain--History; Coal trade--Government ownership--Great Britain--History.    

(Coal), Barbara Freese (2003). Coal: A Human History. (Cambridge, MA: Perseus Pub., 320 p.). Former Assistant Attorney General of Minnesota. Coal mines and mining. How coal transformed England and US into industrial giants and is reshaping emerging giants like China.

(Coal), Sean Patrick Adams (2004). Old Dominion, Industrial Commonwealth: Coal, Politics, and Economy in Antebellum America. (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 305 p.). Assistant Professor of History (University of Central Florida). Coal trade--Pennsylvania--History; Coal trade--Virginia--History. Political economies of coal in Virginia, Pennsylvania from late 18th century through Civil War, divergent paths they took in developing their ample coal reserves during critical period of American industrialization.

(Coal), R.G. Healey (2007). The Pennsylvania Anthracite Coal Industry, 1860-1902: Economic Cycles, Business Decision-Making and Regional Dynamics. (Scranton, PA: University of Scranton Press, 512 p.). Professor of Geography (University of Portsmouth in England). Anthracite coal industry--Pennsylvania--History. Development of anthracite coal industry, in national, regional contexts, from onset of American Civil War to "Great Strike" of 1902; restricted coalfields contrasted with widening coal distribution region; changing relationships between anthracite carrying railroads, mining companies; evaluation of decision-making, investment behavior of entrepreneurs, corporate managers.

March 19, 2008

(Colorado Fuel - merged in 1892 to form Colorado Fuel and Iron Company - see Steel & Iron), Sylvia Ruland (1981). The Lion of Redstone. (Boulder, CO: Johnson Books, 116 p.). Osgood, John Cleveland, 1851-1926; Coal trade--Colorado--History; Mineral industries--Colorado--History; Businesspeople--Colorado--Biography.

(Comstock Lode), George D. Lyman (1934). The Saga of the Comstock Lode; Boom Days in Virginia City. (New York, NY: Scribner, 309 p.). Mines and mineral resources--Nevada--History; Mineral industries--Nevada--History; Comstock Lode (Nev.); Virginia City (Nev.).

--- (1937). Ralston’s Ring; California Plunders the Comstock Lode. (New York, NY: Scribner, 368 p.). Ralston, William Chapman, 1826-1875; Sutro, Adolph, 1830-1898; Comstock Lode (Nev.); California--History.

(Comstock Lode), Grant H. Smith; with new material by Joseph V. Tingley (1998). The History of the Comstock Lode, 1850-1997. (Reno, NV: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, 328 p.[rev. 1943 ed.]). Gold mines and mining--Nevada--Virginia City Region--History; Silver mines and mining--Nevada--Virginia City Region--History; Mineral industries--Nevada--Virginia City Region--History; Comstock Lode (Nev.)--History; Virginia City (Nev.)--Social life and customs.

(Conrey Placer Mining Company), Clark C. Spence (1989). The Conrey Placer Mining Company: A Pioneer Gold-Dredging Enterprise in Montana, 1897-1922. (Helena, MT: Montana Historical Society Press, 161 p.). Conrey Placer Mining Company--History; Gold industry--Montana--Alder--History; Gold dredging--Montana--Alder--History.

(Consolidated Gold Fields), The Company (1937). The Gold Fields1887-1937. (Johannesburg, SA: Consolidated Gold Fields of South Africa, 185 p.). History of The Consolidated Gold Fields of South Africa, to mark the 50th anniversary of the foundation of the Company (February 1887).

(Consolidated Gold Fields), Alan Patrick Cartwright (1967). Gold Paved the Way: The Story of the Gold Fields Group of Companies. (London, UK: Macmillan, 326 p.). Rhodes, Cecil, 1853-1902; Rudd, Charles Dunell, 1844-1916; Consolidated Gold Fields Ltd.

(Consolidated Gold Fields), Paul Johnson (1987). Consolidated Gold Fields: A Centenary Portrait. (New York, NY: St. Martin's Press, 256 p.). Consolidated Gold Fields Limited--History; Gold industry--South Africa--History; Gold mines and mining--History.

(Consolidation Coal Company), Geoffrey L. Buckley (2004). Extracting Appalachia: Images of the Consolidation Coal Company, 1910/1945. (Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 215 p.). Consolidation Coal Company--History; Consolidation Coal Company--Pictorial works; Coal mines and mining--Appalachian Region--History; Coal mines and mining--Appalachian Region--Pictorial works; Appalachian Region--Pictorial works.  

(Copper), Issac F. Marcosson (1953). Industrial Main Street; The Story of Rome, The Copper City. (New York, NY: Dodd, Mead, 220 p.). Copper industry and trade--New York (State)--Rome; Rome (N.Y.)--Industries.

(Copper), Maxwell Whiteman (1971). Copper for America; The Hendricks Family and a National Industry, 1755-1939. (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 353 p.). Hendricks family; Copper industry and trade--United States.

(Copper), Thomas R. Navin (1978). Copper Mining & Management. (Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, 426 p.). Copper industry and trade--Management; Copper industry and trade--United States--History.

(Copper), Charles K. Hyde (1998). Copper for America: The United States Copper Industry from Colonial Times to the 1990s. (Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, 267 p.). Copper mines and mining--United States--History; Copper industry and trade--United States--History. 

(Cyprus Mines Corporation), David Sievert Lavender (1961). The Story of Cyprus Mines Corporation. (San Marino, CA: Huntington Library, 387 p.). Cyprus Mines Corporation.

(De Beers), T.E. Gregory (1962). Ernest Oppenheimer and the Economic Development of Southern Africa. (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 637 p.). Oppenheimer, Ernest, Sir, 1880-1957; Diamonds; South Africa--Economic conditions.

(De Beers), J.G. Lockhart and C.M. Woodhouse (1963). Cecil Rhodes; The Colossus of Southern Africa. (New York, NY: Macmillan, 525 p.). Rhodes, Cecil, 1853-1902; South Africa--Politics and government--1836-1909.

(De Beers), Anthony Hocking (1973). Oppenheimer and Son. (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 526 p.). Oppenheimer, Ernest, Sir, 1880-1957; Oppenheimer, H. F. (Harry Frederick), 1908-.

(De Beers), John Flint (1974). Cecil Rhodes. (Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 268 p.). Rhodes, Cecil, 1853-1902; Statesmen--Africa, Southern--Biography; Capitalists and financiers--Africa, Southern--Biography; Africa, Southern--History.

(De Beers), Edward Jesup (1979). Ernest Oppenheimer: A Study in Power. (London, UK: Collings, 357 p.). Oppenheimer, Ernest, Sir, 1880-1957; Businessmen--South Africa--Biography; Diamond industry and trade--South Africa--History.

(De Beers), Robert I. Rotberg, with the collaboration of Miles F. Shore (1988). The Founder: Cecil Rhodes and the Pursuit of Power. (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 800 p.). Rhodes, Cecil, 1853-1902; Statesmen--Africa, Southern--Biography; Capitalists and financiers--Africa, Southern--Biography.

(De Beers), Brian Roberts (1988). Cecil Rhodes: Flawed Colossus. (New York, NY: Norton, 319 p.). Rhodes, Cecil, 1853-1902; Statesmen--Africa, Southern--Biography; Capitalists and financiers--Africa, Southern--Biography.

(De Beers), Stefan Kanfer (1993). The Last Empire: De Beers, Diamonds, and the World. (New York, NY: Farrar Straus Giroux, 409 p.). De Beers Consolidated Mines--History; Diamond mines and mining--South Africa--History; South Africa--History--1836-1909; South Africa--History--1909-1961; South Africa--History--1961-.

(De Beers), Peter Carstens (2001). In the Company of Diamonds: De Beers, Kleinzee, and the Control of a Town. (Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 257 p.). De Beers Consolidated Mines--History; Diamond industry and trade--South Africa--Kleinzee--History; Diamond miners--South Africa--Kleinzee--History; Blacks--Employment--South Africa--Kleinzee--History; Industrial relations--South Africa--Kleinzee--History; Capitalism--South Africa--Kleinzee--History.

(De Beers), Donna J. Bergenstock (2004). An Analysis of the International Diamond Market. (Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 164 p.). De Beers Consolidated Mines; Diamond industry and trade; Diamonds--Russia (Federation); Diamonds--Prices; Cartels. Marketing strategies, monopoly power of De Beers' Central Selling Organization (CSO) in face of Russia Federation's "leakage" of rough (uncut and unpolished) diamonds on the open market in violation of their sales agreement with De Beers.

(Denison Mines Limited), Paul McKay (1990). The Roman Empire: The Unauthorized Life and Times of Stephen Roman. (Toronto, ON: Key Porter Books, 242 p.). Roman, Stephen; Denison Mines Limited--History; Denison Mines Limited--Histoire; Businessmen--Canada--Biography; Slovak Canadians--Biography; Hommes d'affaires--Canada--Biographies; Canadiens d'origine slovaque--Biographies.

(Diamonds), Edited by James H. Wilkins, with a foreword by Glen Dawson (1958). The Great Diamond Hoax and Other Stirring Incidents in the Life of Asbury Harpending. (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 211 p.). Mines and mineral resources--California; California--History. 

(Diamonds), Brian Roberts (1973). The Diamond Magnates. (New York, NY: Scribner, 335 p.). Diamond mines and mining--South Africa.

(Diamonds), Marian Robertson (1974). Diamond Fever; South African Diamond History, 1866-9 from Primary Sources. (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 250 p.). Diamond mines and mining--South Africa--History.

(Diamonds), David E. Kosikoff (1981). The Diamond World. (New York, NY: Harper v& Row, 356 p.). Diamond industry and trade.

(Diamonds), Murray Schumach (1981). The Diamond People. (New York, NY: Norton, 255 p.). Diamond industry and trade--United States.

(Diamonds), Edward Jay Epstein (1982). The Rise and Fall of Diamonds: The Shattering of a Brilliant Illusion. (New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 301 p.). Diamond industry and trade. Classic on the industry.

(Diamonds), Colin Newbury (1989). The Diamond Ring: Business, Politics, and Precious Stones in South Africa, 1867-1947. (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 431 p.). Diamond industry and trade--South Africa--History.

(Diamonds), Kevin Krajick (2001). Barren Lands: An Epic Search for Diamonds in the North American Arctic. (New York, NY: Holt, 442 p.). Winner 1998 Walter Sullivan Award for Excellence in Science Journalism (American Geophysical Union). Diamonds--Northwest Territories--Gras, Lac de, Region. 

(Diamonds), Matthew Hart (2001). Diamond: A Journey to the Heart of an Obsession. (New York, NY: Walker, 256 p.). Diamonds. 

(Diamonds), Renée Rose Shield (2002). Diamond Stories: Enduring Change on 47th Street. (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 233 p.). Diamond industry and trade--New York (State)--New York--History; Jews in the diamond industry--New York (State)--New York--History; Jewish businesspeople--New York (State)--New York--History.

(Diamonds), Greg Campbell (2002). Blood Diamonds: Tracing the Deadly Path of the World's Most Precious Stones. (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 251 p.). Freelance Journalist. Diamond industry and trade--Social aspects--Sierra Leone; Diamond miners--Crimes against--Sierra Leone; Diamond industry and trade--Corrupt practices; Sierra Leone--History--Civil War, 1991.

(Diamonds), Douglas Farah (2004). Blood from Stones: The Secret Financial Network of Terror. (New York, NY: Broadway Books, 225 p.). Terrorism--Economic aspects--Africa, West; Diamond mines and mining--Africa, West; Diamond industry and trade--Africa, West; Terrorism--Religious aspects--Islam; Political corruption--Africa, West; Africa, West--Politics and government; Africa, West--Social conditions; Africa, West--Economic conditions.

(Diamonds), Martin Meredith (2007). Diamonds, Gold, and War: The British, the Boers, and the Making of South Africa. (New York, NY: PublicAffairs, 570 p.) South African War, 1899-1902--Causes; Diamond industry and trade--South Africa--History--19th century; Gold industry--South Africa--History--19th century; Afrikaners--South Africa--History; Great Britain--Colonies--Africa--Administration; Great Britain--Foreign relations--1837-1901; South Africa--History--1836-1909; South Africa--Politics and government--1836-1909. Turbulent years leading to founding of modern state of South Africa in 1910; prospectors chanced first upon world's richest deposits of diamonds, then upon richest deposits of gold;  titanic struggle between British, Boers for control of land followed,  culminated in costliest, bloodiest, most humiliating war that Britain had waged in nearly a century, devastation of Boer republics.

(Dome Mines), Peter Foster (1993). Other People's Money: The Banks, the Government and Dome. (Don Mills, ON: Collins, 286 p.). Dome Petroleum Limited -- History.

(Dome Mines), Charles P. Girdwood, Lawrence F. Jones and George Lonn (1983). The Big Dome: Over Seventy Years of Gold Mining in Canada. (Toronto, ON: Cybergraphics Co., 249 p.). Dome Mines Limited -- History; Gold mines and mining -- Canada -- History; Gold mines and mining -- Ontario -- History.

(Dome Mines), Jim Lyon (1983). Dome: The Rise and Fall of the House That Jack Built. (Scarborough, ON: Avon Books of Canada, 250 p.). Dome Petroleum Limited -- History.

(Eldorado Mining and Refining), Robert Bothwell (1984). Eldorado: Canada's National Uranium Company. (Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press, 470 p.). Eldorado Mining and Refining Limited -- History; Eldorado Nuclear Limited -- History.

(Empire Mine), Ferol Egan (1998). Last Bonanza Kings: The Bourns of San Francisco. (Reno, NV: University of Nevada Press, 289 p.). Bourn, William, b. 1813; Bourn, William, 1857-1936; Bourne family; Pioneers--California--San Francisco--Biography; Businessmen--California--San Francisco--Biography; San Francisco (Calif.)--Biography; San Francisco (Calif.)--History.

(Falconbridge), John Deverell and the Latin American Working Group (1975). Falconbridge: Portrait of a Canadian Mining Multinational. (Toronto, ON: J. Lorimer, 184 p.). Falconbridge Nickel Mines Limited; International business enterprises; Nickel industry--Canada.

(John Fyfe Ltd.), The Company (1996). John Fyfe: One Hundred and Fifty Years, 1846 - 1996. (Kemnay, UK: Time Pieces Publications, 72 p.). -- History; Granite industry and trade -- Scotland -- Kemnay -- History; Granite Quarrying History; Grampian (Scotland).

(Gold), George F. Willison (1931). Here They Dug the Gold. (New York, NY: Brentano's, 299 p.). Tabor, Horace Austin Warner, 1830-1899; Colorado -- Gold discoveries; Frontier and pioneer life -- Colorado. Protagonist in epic of Colorado's creation.

(Gold), Frank Waters (1937). Midas of the Rockies; The Story of Stratton and Cripple Creek. (New York, NY: Covici, Friede, 344 p.). Stratton, Winfield Scott, 1848-1902; Gold mines and mining -- Colorado -- Cripple Creek.

(Gold), Rodman L. Paul (1947). California Gold; The Beginning of Mining in the Far West. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 380 p.). Gold mines and mining--California; Frontier and pioneer life--California; California--Gold discoveries.

(Gold), Pierre Berton (1972). Klondike; The Last Great Gold Rush, 1896-1899. (Toronto, ON: McClelland and Stewart, 472 p. [rev. ed.]). Klondike River Valley (Yukon)--Gold discoveries.

(Gold), Duane A. Smith (1973). Horace Tabor: His Life and the Legend. (Boulder, CO: Colorado Associated University Press, 395 p.). Tabor, Horace Austin Warner, 1830-1899.

(Gold), Ray Vicker (1975). The Realms of Gold. (New York, NY: Scribner, 244 p.). Gold--History.

(Gold), H. Willia, Axford (1976). Gilpin County Gold : Peter McFarlane, 1848-1929, Mining Entrepreneur in Central City, Colorado. (Chicago, IL: Sage Books, 210 p.). McFarlane, Peter Barclay, 1848-1929; Gilpin County (Colo.) -- Gold discoveries; Central City (Colo.) -- Biography.

(Gold), Joseph E. King (1977). A Mine To Make a Mine: Financing the Colorado Mining Industry, 1859-1902. (College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press, 209 p.). Gold industry--Colorado--Finance--History; Gold mines and mining--Colorado--Finance--History; Silver mines and mining--Colorado--Finance--History; Mineral industries--Colorado--Finance--History.

(Gold), Eric Cousineau, Peter R. Richardson (1979). Gold: The World Industry and Canadian Corporate Strategy. (Kingston, ON: Queen's University, Centre for Resources Studies, 192 p.). Gold mines and mining--Canada; Mines and mineral resources--Canada.

(Gold), J.S. Holliday (1981). The World Rushed In: The California Gold Rush Experience. (New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 559 p.). Swain, William, 1821-1904; California -- History -- 1846-1850; California -- Gold discoveries; Overland journeys to the Pacific; Pioneers -- California -- Biography; California -- Biography.

(Gold), E. Hazard Wells (1984). Magnificence and Misery: A Firsthand Account of the 1897 Klondike Gold Rush. (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 254 p.). Wells, E. Hazard; Klondike River Valley (Yukon)--Gold discoveries; Klondike River Valley (Yukon)--Description and travel.

(Gold), Matthew Hart (1985). Golden Giant: Hemlo and the Rush for Canada's Gold. (Vancouver, BC: Douglas & McIntyre, 176 p.). Gold mines and mining--Ontario--Hemlo Region--History.

(Gold), James P. Delgado (1990). To California by Sea: A Maritime History of the California Gold Rush. (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 237 p.). Maritime Historian of the National Park Service. Navigation --California --History --19th century; Shipping --California --History --19th century; California --Gold discoveries. Gold Rush's affect on maritime industry (trade prior to 1848--furs, hides, whaling); sea-faring gold seekers as they sailed to California; development of San Francisco waterfront, maritime industries along coast.

(Gold), Jo Ann Levy (1992). They Saw the Elephant: Women in the California Gold Rush. (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 265 p.). Women pioneers--California--History--19th century; Women--California--History--19th century; Frontier and pioneer life--California; California--Gold discoveries.

(Gold), Paula Mitchell Marks (1994). Precious Dust: The American Gold Rush Era, 1848-1900. (New York, NY: Morrow, 448 p.). Gold mines and mining--North America--History--19th century; North America--Gold discoveries.

(Gold), Hal Colebatch (1996). Claude de Bernales, The Magnificent Miner: A Biography. (Carlisle, W.A.: Hesperian Press, 323 p.). Bernales, Claude de, 1876-1963; Businessmen--Australia--Biography; Gold industry--Australia--History. 

(Gold), Gary F. Kurutz; introduction by J.S. Holliday (1997). The California Gold Rush: A Descriptive Bibliography of Books and Pamphlets Covering the Years 1848-1853. (San Francisco, CA: Book Club of California, 771 p.). Gold mines and mining--California--History--19th century--Sources--Bibliography--Union lists; Catalogs, Union--United States; California--Gold discoveries--Sources--Bibliography--Union lists.

(Gold), Malcolm J. Rohrbough (1997). Days of Gold: The California Gold Rush and the American Nation. (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 353 p.). Professor of History (University of Iowa). California--Gold discoveries. Most significant event in first half of nineteenth century; produced vast movement of people; called into question basic values of marriage, family, work, wealth, leisure; led to so many varied consequences; left such vivid memories among its participants; touched lives of families, communities everywhere in United States.

(Gold), Raymond E. Dumett (1998). El Dorado in West Africa: The Gold-Mining Frontier, African Labor, and Colonial Capitalism in the Gold Coast, 1875-1900. (Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 396 p.). Gold mines and mining--Ghana--History--19th century; Gold miners--Ghana--History--19th century; Capitalism--Ghana--History--19th century. First modern mechanized gold rush in West Africa, its aftermath.

(Gold), Edited by Ramon Gutierrez, Richard J. Orsi (1998). Contested Eden: California Before the Gold Rush. (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 396 p.). Professor of Ethnic Studies and History (University of California, San Diego); Professor of History (California State University, Hayward). California --History --To 1846; California --History --1846-1850. California history before American conquest; re-evaluation of European-Indian relations in California prior to 1848; natural environment, history of the Indians, exploration, social and economic history; contemporary perspective on evolution of distinctive California culture, interaction between people and natural environment, ways in which California's development affected United States and world, legacy of cultural and ethnic diversity in the state.

(Gold), Mary Hill (1999). Gold: The California Story. (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 306 p.). California -- Gold discoveries; California -- History -- 1846-1850.

(Gold), J.S. Holliday (1999). Rush For Riches: Gold Fever and the Making of California. (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press (with Oakland Museum of California), 355 p.). California -- Gold discoveries; California -- History -- 1846-1850; California -- History -- 1850-1950.

(Gold), Editors James J. Rawls and Richard J. Orsi; associate editor Marlene Smith-Baranzini (1999). A Golden State: Mining and Economic Development in Gold Rush California. (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 313 p.). Instructor of History (Diablo Valley College); Professor of History (California State University, Hayward). Gold mines and mining --California --History --19th century; California --Economic conditions --19th century. Economic impact of epoch-making event; how Gold Rush precipitated veritable economic revolution; relationship between technology and society, environmental impact from mining, sudden increase in California's population, influence of Gold Rush on agriculture, manufacturing, banking, transportation; impact on peoples, economies of Latin America, Europe, Asia; economic forces, for good or ill, that transformed California forever into Golden State.

(Gold), Susan Lee Johnson (2000). Roaring Camp: The Social World of the California Gold Rush. (New York, NY: Norton, 464 p.). Professor of History (University of Colorado). Mining camps--Sierra Nevada (Calif. and Nev.)--History--19th century; California--Gold discoveries--Social aspects; California--Social life and customs--19th century; Sierra Nevada (Calif. and Nev.)--Gold discoveries--Social aspects; California--Ethnic relations. Cosmopolitan, multicultural event - Mexicans, French, Chinese, African-Americans, Chileans, Miwok Indians, WASPs panned for gold in foothills of the Sierra Nevadas Mountains, around town of Stockton; dynamic social world in which conventions of ethnic, national, sexual identity were reshaped (all-male households of diggings, mines where men worked, fandango houses where they played).