July 28, 1586 - Sir Thomas Harriot introduced potatoes to Europe.

November 16, 1620 - Sixteen desperately hungry Pilgrims led by Myles Standish, William Bradford, Stephen Hopkins, Edward Tilley discovered first corn (maize) in U.S. in Provincetown, MA (named it Corn Hill); food previously harvested by local Indian tribe; provided much needed supply of food which saw Pilgrims through first Winter in New World.

February 22, 1630 - Quadequine, brother of Massasoit, introduced popcorn to English colonist; smaller kernels than regular corn, "pops" when heated over flame; 2006- United States grows nearly all of world's popcorn. 

1807 - Frederick C. and William Havemeyer, former employees of Edmund Seaman and Company sugar boiler business, founded William & F. C. Havemeyer Company, sugarhouse, on Van Dam Street in Manhattan; 1855 - Frederick C. Havemeyer, Jr., relocated sugarhouse to Williamsburg, Brooklyn; 1857 - operated as Havemeyer, Townsend & Co.; 1863 - name changed to Havemeyers & Elder Sugar Refining Co. (Joseph L. Elder, son-in-law); December 1887 - Henry O. Havemeyer (son of Frederick, Jr.) formed Sugar Refineries Company ("Sugar Trust"), consolidated 18 major refiners in Brooklyn, NY controlling 80% of industry capacity (Havemeyers & Elder, DeCastro & Donner, Brooklyn Sugar Refining, Dick & Meyer, Moller, Sierck); March 1889 - acquired American Sugar Refinery (former Bay Sugar Refining Company founded by Claus Spreckels in 1864); January 10, 1891 - American Sugar Refining Co. incorporated; October 8, 1901 - American Sugar Refining Co. registered "Domino" trademark first used August 1, 1900 (hard sugar); November 1910 - U. S. Government sued for dissolution of American Sugar Refining Company for restraint of trade - reduced competition, increased sugar prices, lost employment (controlled about 75% of refined sugar industry of United States); December 29, 1921 - anti-trust case settled by consent decree (industry control reduced to 24%); 1970 -  American Sugar changed name to Amstar Corp.;  1988 - acquired by Tate & Lyle.

1849 - Samuel Northrup Castle, Amos Starr Cooke of Boston formed partnership to run private storehouse (once the missionary depository);  1851 - obtained licenses to sell wholesale products (farm tools, sewing machines, medicine), formed Castle & Cooke ("Kakela Me Kuke" in Hawaiian) Corporation.; 1853 - fourth largest company in Hawaii; 1894 - incorporated under laws of Hawaii; 1905 - organized ugar Factors Company, Ltd., to buy, sell, transport, arrange for refining Hawaii's sugars; 1932 - acquired 21% ownership of Hawaiian Pineapple Company; 1961 - merged with Dole Pineapple, Columbia River Packers (Bumble Bee); 1968 - acquired Standard Fruit,  second largest producer, importer of bananas; 1972 - established Castle & Cooke Foods group (all food activities except sugar); 1985 - severe financial problems, merged with Flexi-Van Corporation (transportation equipment leasing company); 1991 - name changed to Dole Food Company, Inc.; 1995 - separated food, real estate businesses: Dole Food Company, Inc. as food producer, distributor; Castle & Cooke, Inc. as developer, builder of residential real estate, resorts , commercial real estate; 2003 - Dole acquired by David H. Murdock.

1849 - Isidore Boudin established French bakery in San Francisco (one of more than 60 in the city); continued use of leavening bread with wild yeast starter ('mother dough'); combined ordinary sourdough yeast used by miners with French-style loaf of bread; 1873 - home deliveries by horse-drawn wagon; 1900 - introduced motorized delivery trucks; 1910 - Charles, Jules Boudin (sons) took over; 1941 - acquired by Steve Giraudo Sr.; 1975 - first retail demonstration bakery on Fisherman's Wharf; 1978 - mail order business started; 1984 - focus shifted to bakery-cafes, away from wholesale business.

1850 - Francis Hulman, John Bernhard Ludowici invested $700 and $1,400, respectively, opened Cincinnati Wholesale Grocery Store in Terre Haute, IN; March 12, 1853 - partnership ended; Ludowici kept business; September 1853 - Hulman opened F.T. Hulman Wholesale Store directly across street; 1854 - Herman Hulman (23) arrived from Germany to sell for Francis; September 13, 1858 - Francis Hulman, wife and child died aboard ship destroyed by fire on way to New York; July 1869 - merged with R.S. Cox Jr., closest competitor in wholesale grocery business; 1878 - acquired Benjamin Cox's half-interest; became major supplier of food, merchandise under house brands (Crystal, Dauntless, REX, Farmers Pride, Clabber Brand baking powder); January 1, 1899 - Clabber Brand baking powder brand name first used; 1923 - Food and Drug Administration changed labeling laws, Clabber Brand baking powder name changed to Clabber Girl; March 18, 1924 - trademark registered.

February 5, 1850 - Gail Borden, Jr. of Galveston, TX, received patent for "Preparation of Portable Soup-Bread"; process baked a combination of extracts from meat with flour to produce a meat biscuit capable of long term storage; convenient method that preserved meat-based product could be carried by the military, seamen and other travelers; reconstituted with hot water as a soup..

August 24, 1853 - It has been claimed that the first potato chips were prepared by Chef George Crum, an American Indian, at Moon's Lake House in Saratoga Springs, NY. When railroad magnate Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt complained that his potatoes were "too thick" and sent them back to the kitchen, George Crum retaliated by slicing paper thin strips of potatoes and frying them to a crisp. Vanderbilt loved them; "Saratoga Chips" -  became an instant success.

1856 -  Cadwallader Colden (C. C.) Washburn formed Minneapolis Milling Company to lease power rights to mill operators; 1866 - built his first flour mill (one of largest in world) on banks of Mississippi River in Minneapolis, MN; 1874 - built second mill (burned down); 1877 - John Crosby joined C. C. and William D. Washburn (brother) in milling business as partner (married to sister of Washburn's sister-in-law); formed Washburn Crosby Company; 1880 - Washburn Crosby Company won gold  medal at first Millers International Exhibition, renamed highest quality product Gold Medal Flour (remains best selling brand in U.S.); 1888 - James Stroud Bell assumed leadership; expanded national flour market; 1921 - Betty Crocker created; 1924 - Wheaties, company's first ready-to-eat cereal introduced; June 20, 1928 - James Ford Bell (son) incorporated General Mills Inc.

1859 - Henry Tate (40), grocer in Liverpool, joined John Wright & Co, sugar refinery, as partner; 1862 - set up his own refinery; joined by Alfred and Edwin (sons), formed Henry Tate & Sons;1872 - Love Lane Refinery (Liverpool) began operations; incorporated new refining technique to increase yield of white sugar; 1875 - acquired  rights, in partnership with David Martineau, from German inventor Eugen Langen, introduced sugar cube to UK; 1878 -- opened refinery at Silvertown in East London; 1921 - merged with Abram Lyle & Sons, formed Tate & Lyle PLC; 1963 - acquired United Molasses for £30 million, became world leader in molasses trade; 1976 -  acquired one-third stake in Amylum, established first major interest in cereal sweetener, starch-based manufacturing; 1988 -  acquired 90% North American AE Staley Manufacturing Co. (2000 - acquired balance); increased stake in Amylum to 63%; 1998 - acquired citric acid business of Haarmann & Reimer (subsidiary of Bayer AG), became world's leading producer of citric acid; 2006 - Lyle’s Golden Syrup tin design named Guinness World Records as world’s oldest branding (packaging); March 21 2006 -  annual sales of £3.7 billion, 7,000 employees in subsidiaries, 4,800 in joint ventures.

1862 - Godfrey Keebler bought baking business of John T. Ricketts (deceased employer) in Philadelphia; 1890 - formed partnership with Augustus Weyl, incorporated Keebler-Weyl Baking Company; February 1898 - New York Biscuit Company, United States Baking Company, American Biscuit Company formed 'Cracker Trust' (controlled 145 bakeries); 1966 - Keebler adopted as corporate title for bakery network, single brand name for all bakery products; February 20, 1968 - Keebler Company registered "Keebler" trademark first used May 5, 1966 (cookies,  crackers, and candy); 1974 - acquired by U.K.-based United Biscuit Company; 1996 - acquired in leveraged buyout; acquired Sunshine Biscuit Co.; 1997 - name changed to Keebler Foods Company; 1998 - acquired President Baking Co.; Flowers Industries became majority shareholder after initial public offering; 2001 - acquired by Kellogg Company, no. 2 cookie and cracker brand in  United States.

1862 - Henry Issac Rowntree acquired cocoa side of Wm. Tuke and Sons shop; 1869 - Joseph Rowntree joined brother's business as partner; 1887 - Elect Cocoa introduced; 1890 - built Cocoa, Chocolate & Chicory Works in York, UK; 1897 - Rowntree & Co becomes Limited, with Joseph Rowntree as Chairman; 1904 - Joseph Rowntree  established Rowntree Foundation; 1937 - Chocolate Crisp changed name to Kit Kat; Rolos introduced; 1962 - After Eight is introduced; 1969 - merged with rival John Mackintosh & Sons Ltd., formed Rowntree Mackintosh Ltd.; 1987 - name changed to Rowntree plc; 1988 - acquired by Nestle SA.

1862 - Charles Gulden established mustard company near South Street Seaport in New York City; purchased imported seeds and spices, earned prestigious award from American Institute in 1869, 1883; March 16, 1875 - Jacob Gulden (father), of New York, NY, received patent for a "Design for Mustard-Bottle"; July 5, 1881 - received a patent for a "Vessel for Holding and Dispensing Mustard"; January 30, 1893 - Charles Gulden received patent for a "Cap for Mustard-Bottles"; March 16, 1897 - Charles Gulden, Jr. received a patent for a "Package for Mustard, etc.";  January 2, 1906 - registered "Gulden's Mustard" trademark first used 1875 (mustard).

November 3, 1863 - J. T. Alden, of Cincinnati, OH, received patent for "Improvement in the Preparation of Yeast"; reduced concentrated yeast from plastic or semi-fluid state to dry granular form, convenient way of preservation for future use.

1865 - Jefferson A. Thompson (Thompson Bros. Cheese Company) started producing California fresh cheese for San Francisco market; created shortage of eggs; sold fresh cheese (later named Breakfast Cheese) to Saloons (served on bar as substitute for pickled eggs), readily consumed by Stevedores (dockworkers); cheese transported by horse, wagon to Petaluma River, taken by The Steamer Gold across bay to Yerba Buena oldest continually operating cheese factory in the United States.

1865 - David F. Bremner opened D.F. Bremner Baking Company in Cairo, IL; 1871 - moved to Chcago to supply bread to devastated public after Great Fire; bread baked with his initials, D.F.B., stamped on the top, became known as "Damn Fine Bread"; 1902 - original Bremner Butter Wafer created; 1905 - sons established their own bakery, called it Bremner Brothers Biscuit Company.

1867 - Johann Tobler established Tobler brand of hand-made, specialty candies in Bern, Switzerland; March 30, 1926 - Aktiengesellschaft Chocolat Tobler registered "Toblerone) trademark first used February 11, 1909 (chocolate and cocoa).

1868 - Henri Nestle opened office in London to cope with quantity of orders for farine lactée (based, as he put it, on “wholesome Swiss milk and a cereal component) for mothers unable to breastfeed; 1873 - exported to South America, Australia; 1874 - sold company for million francs; November 25, 1884 - Henri Nestle (composed of Jules Monnerat, Louis Roussy, and Henry Marguys) registered "Nestle" trademark (condensed milk); 1905 - acquired Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk; 1929 - acquired chocolate makers Peter, Cailler and Kohler – pioneers in making milk chocolate; 1938 - launched world’s first instant coffee – Nescafé; mid-1960s - Switzerland‘s biggest company, multinational with over 200 factories around the world.

1868 - Edmund McIlhenny founded McIlhenny Company at Avery Island, LA; legend: obtained hot pepper seeds from  traveler recently arrived in Louisiana from Central America;  planted seeds on Avery Island, experimented with pepper sauce recipes; named one he liked, TABASCO® Sauce  (state of Tabasco in Mexico, where seeds allegedly came from); September 27, 1870 - McIlhenny, of New Iberia, LA, received a patent for an "Improvement in Pepper-Sauce" ("new process for preparing an aromatic and strong sauce from the pepper known in the market as Tabasco pepper. This pepper is as strong as Cayenne pe, but of finer flavor); unique formula for processing peppers into pepper sauce; Avery Island factory produces more than 700,000 bottles of Tabasco sauce   each day; February 1, 1927 - registered "Tabasco" trademark first used in 1868 (pepper sauce).

1868 - Charles and Maximilian Fleischmann, immigrants from Austria-Hungary, James F. Gaff of Cincinnati, founded Gaff, Fleischmann & Co. in Riverside, OH; May 1876 - exhibited Model Vienna Bakery at Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia (10 million visitors); introduced first compressed yeast (Viennese production) sold in North America; February 14, 1922 - The Fleischmann Company registered "Fleischmann's" trademark first used January 1, 1876 (compressed yeast and yeast mixtures, adapted for use as food alone or for use in the making of bread and bread stuffs or other food products); June 1929 - absorbed four smaller corporations (Royal Baking Powder Company, E.W. Gillette Company Ltd. of Canada, The Widlar Food Products Company, Chase and Sanborn, Inc.); formed Standard Brands, Incorporated; 2004 - acquired by Associated British Foods.

1868 - Etienne Guittard opened Guittard Chocolate on Sansome Street, San Francisco; 1950s - Horace A. Guittard (grandson) became President; 1955 - relocated factory to Burlingame; remains one of foremost suppliers of fine chocolate to professionals in pastry, confectionery, ice cream trades; oldest family owned, operated chocolate company in US.

June 16, 1868 - William Davis, fish dealer in Detroit, MI, received a patent for an "Improvement in Preserving Meats, etc." ("peculiar construction of a railroad-car, box, chest or room in which to preserve animal or vegetable substances from decay for a certain reasonable time, to allow them to be transported from place to place or kept in store in a sweet and fresh condition"); refrigerated railroad car; January 19, 1869 - received a patent for an "Improvement in Freezing-Box for Fish, etc." ("freezing-box or pan for freezing fish and meats").

1869- Henry John Heinz and L. Clarence Noble established Heinz & Noble in Sharpsburg, PA to bottle horseradish; 1875 - forced into bankruptcy; 1876 - established F. & J. Heinz (financial assistance from brother John, cousin Frederick), introduced tomato ketchup, six other products (celery sauce, pickled cucumbers, sauerkraut, vinegar); 1886 - Fortnum & Mason, England's leading food purveyor, accepted all seven products for distribution; 1888 - acquired controlling interest from brother, renamed H. J. Heinz; 1893 - introduced pickle pin at  Chicago World's Fair; 1896 - introduced "57 Varieties" slogan; December 28, 1897 - Henry J. Heinz registered "Heinz" trademark first used June 1, 1893 (pickles, vinegar, sauces, catsups [horse radish ], prepared mustard, [mince-meat, preserves, jellies, marmalades, jams, and fruit butters]; March 5, 1907 - H. J. Heinz Corporation registered "57 Varieties" trademark first used in 1898; February 25, 1908 - H. J. Heinz Corporation registered "Heinz 57 Varieties Pure Food Products"  trademark first used in May 1900; 1963 - acquired StarKist, "Charlie the Tuna" became national media star; 1965 - acquired Ore-Ida, transformed regional business into leading retail frozen potato brand in U.S.; 1978 - acquired Weight Watchers International, now largest weight-loss program in U.S.; 1987 - Anthony ('Tony') O'Reilly first non-Heinz family member named Chairman, President and CEO; 2002 - sold U.S. StarKist® seafood, North American pet foods and pet snacks, U.S. private label soup, College Inn® broth, U.S. baby food businesses to Del Monte Foods Company.

1869 - Joseph Campbell, fruit merchant, and Abraham Anderson, icebox manufacturer, formed Joseph A. Campbell Preserve Company in Camden, New Jersey, to produce canned tomatoes, vegetables, jellies, soups, condiments, minced meats; 1876 - Campbell bought   Anderson’s share of company; formed partnership with Arthur Dorrance; 1891 -  company renamed Jos. Campbell Preserve Company; 1897 - Dr. John T. Dorrance (24), chemist and nephew of company GM, joined company at token wage of $7.50 a week; invented condensed soup; eliminated water in canned soup, lowered costs for packaging, shipping, storage (volume of can of soup  reduced from 32 ounces to approximately 10 ounces, and the price lowered from about 34 cents to a dime); October 31, 1905 - Joseph H. Campbell Company registered "Campbell's" trademark first used in 1898 (baked beans); 1914 - Dr. Dorrance named President; 1921 - company  renamed Campbell Soup Company; 1931 - Arthur C. Dorrance (brother) succeeded as president. .

1869 - Charles Alfred (C. A.) Pillsbury (27) bought one-third interest in failing Minneapolis Flouring Mill for $10,000 (made profit within year); 1872 - produced 2,000 barrels of flour a day; reorganized company as C.A. Pillsbury and Company, made father and uncle partners; August 8, 1905 - registered trademark; 1889 - mills acquired by English financial syndicate, renamed Pillsbury-Washburn Flour Mills Company Ltd.; 1896 - produced 10,000-barrels-per-day; 1908 - entered bankruptcy (freight rates, poor harvest); Charles S. Pillsbury (son) reorganized company, renamed Pillsbury Flour Mills Company; June 27, 1923 - acquired all remaining assets from shareholders of Pillsbury-Washburn; 1927 - went public; 1944 - changed name to Pillsbury Mills, Inc.; 1940 - Philip W. Pillsbury (grandson) became president; 1979 - acquired Green Giant; October 1965 - introduced little dough-boy mascot; 1983 - acquired HagenDazs ice cream; 1984 - acquired Van de Kamp, seafood company; 1989 - acquired by Grand Metropolitan for $5.8 billion (8th largest food manufacturing company in world); 1997 - Grand Met merged with Guinness plc; formed Diageo plc; November 2001 - acquired by General Mills for $10.4 billion.

June 10, 1869 - Machine-frozen food transported  significant distance in U.S. for first time; frozen shipment of Texas beef (refrigeration equipment invented by John Gorrie) delivered via steamship ('Agnes') to New Orleans, LA; meat served in meals at hospitals, celebration banquets at hotels, restaurants.

July 15, 1869 - Hippolyte Mège Mouriés received French patent for margarine; won contest held by Emperor Napoleon III to find suitable substitute for butter used by the French Navy; formula included a fatty component that, when mixed, had a pearly luster; named product after Greek word for pearl - margaritari; manufactured from tallow; not until F. Boudet patented a process for emulsifying it with skimmed milk and water (1872) that it could be made sufficiently palatable for commercial success.

December 28, 1869 - William Finley Semple, of Mount Vernon, OH, received first patent for "Improved Chewing-Gum"; made of "the combination of rubber with other articles adapted to the formation of an acceptable chewing gum"; he never commercially produced gum.

1870 - Captain Lorenzo Dow Baker bought 160 bunches of bananas in Jamaica for a shilling per bunch, sold them in Jersey City for $2 each; joined Bostonian entrepreneur Andrew Preston to develop banana market in Boston; 1885 - established Boston Fruit Company; Preston took charge of tropical enterprises, Baker controlled management in Boston; 1899 - Minor Copper Keith, 50% owner of Snyder Banana Co. (produced bananas on 6,000 acres at Bocas del Toro, Panama), merged with Boston Fruit; controlled 75% of banana market in U.S.; March 30, 1899 - United Fruit Company established; 1944 -hired cartoonist Dik Browne (creator of Hagar the Horrible) to create cartoon based on Latin American singer, movie star Carmen Miranda; 1945 - character of Miss Chiquita Banana debuted in technicolor movie advertisement "Miss Chiquita Banana's Beauty Treatment" (sang to revive an exhausted housewife); 1962 - created individual banana sticker label (small blue stickers with the Chiquita logo affixed to fruit to promote consumption of its branded banana); 1969 - Eli Black acquired 733,000 shares in one trading day (3rd largest transaction in Wall Street history to date), became largest shareholder; March 1973 - Dole moved to first place in U. S. sales (45%) ahead of United Brands (35%); February 3, 1975 - Black committed suicide, jumped from 44th floor of Pan Am building in New York (SEC accused United Brands of bribing President of Honduras, Osvaldo Lopez Arellano ($1.25 million with promise of another $1.25 million later, in exchange for a reduction in export taxes); 1975 - Carl Lindner, one of biggest investors, became new President; 1989 - name changed to Chiquita Brands International Incorporated; 1990 - returned to number one banana importer (33% share of world's market), Dole (22%); June 10, 2005 - Wal-Mart, Chiquita’s biggest U. S. customer, decreased its banana purchases = 33% decrease in Chiquita banana U. S. sales (cheaper bananas from competitors).

1870 -William Underwood & Co. received first U.S. food trademark registered by the U.S. Patent Office, for a red devil logo (for "deviled entremets"); 1895 - advertising with little red devil began to appear nationally;  oldest existing trademark still in use in the United States.

1871 - Charles Alfred Pillsbury, brother Fred, father George, uncle John Sargent Pillsbury founded C. A. Pillsbury & Co. in Minneapolis; November 19, 1940 - Pillsbury Flour Mills Company registered "Pillsbury's Best XXXX" trademark (flour made from wheat; brand first used January 1, 1873); 1989 - acquired by Grand Metropolitan PLC in $5.76 billion hostile takeover.

1871 - Dr. James Madison Dawson, his wife Eloise Jones Dawson, their son Thomas Dawson established first successful commercial canning operation in Santa Clara Valley (300 cases of peaches, apricots, pears, plums processed in woodshed in Dawson’s backyard); 1872 - founded J. M. Dawson & Co.; 1875 - incorporated as San Jose Fruit Packing Company; 1889 - joined forces with 17 other small companies, formed California Fruit Canners Association; 1916 - Tom Dawson as general superintendent of California Packing Corporation (Del Monte premium brand); 1967 - name changed to Del Monte Corp.

January 3, 1871 - Henry W, Bradley, of Binghamton, NY, received a patent for an "Improvement in Compounds for Culinary Use" ("new and improved Lard or Shortening for Culinary Use"); oleomargarine.

February 14, 1871 - Thomas Adams, of Hudson City, NJ, received patent for "Improvement in Chewing-Gum" ("method of producing the natural product 'chickly' to produce a chewing-gum"); first chicle-based chewing gum, "Adams' New York Gum No. 1 -- Snapping and Stretching"  (from Sapodilla trees; 1869 - introduced to it by exiled Mexican, former president and general, Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna); went on sale in drug stores for a penny apiece; 1876 - founded Adams Sons and Company; 1884 - added licorice flavoring, called Adams' Black Jack, first flavored gum in America; 1888 - introduced  first vending machines to United States, installed on elevated subway platforms in New York City, sold Tutti-Fruiti gum; 1899 - organized major gum manufacturers (Beeman, Primley, S.T. Britten, Frank Fleer Company); formed American Chicle Company; 1962 - acquired by Warner-Lambert; 2002 - acquired by Cadbury Schweppes for $4.2 billion;  2004 -number one worldwide in confectionery (leader in functional confectionery, number two in chewing gum).

1872 - Christian Ditlev Ammentorp (D. A.) Hansen, Danish pharmacist from University of Copenhagen, awarded gold medal for chemical treatise (procedure to extract pure, standardized rennet enzyme from calves’ stomachs, used to make cheese.); revolutionized production of dairy products; 1874 - established rennet factory in Copenhagen; 1878 - established processing plant in New York City; 1886 - introduced Junket brand (initially in form of rennet tablets); 1891 - built factory in Little Falls, NY; November 30, 1897 - Johan D. Frederiksen, vice-president and general manager of Chr. Hansen's Laboratory, Little Falls, NY, registered "Junket" trademark" ("milk with rennet") first used April 1887 (preparations for coagulating or curdling milk); one of world's top 15 food ingredients companies; global market leader within enzymes for cheese production, bacterial cultures for cheese, yoghurt, wine and meat products, natural colors for the food and beverage industries and special products for the health food and agricultural industries.

July 9, 1872 - Captain John F. Blondel (Thomaston, ME)  received a patent for "Improvement in Doughnut-Cutters", "an improved device for removing the dough from the cutter-tube automatically"; origin of doughnut as a deep-fried egg-batter pastry was from Holland with the Dutch name of olykoeks -- "oily cakes." 1847 - New England ship captain Hanson Gregory enjoyed his mother's pastries made using a deep-fried spiced dough; Elizabeth Gregory put hazelnuts or walnuts in the center, where the dough might not cook through ("doughnuts"); Captain Gregory claimed credit for originating the hole in the doughnut; originally cut hole using top of a round tin pepper box, made more uniform frying possible with increased surface area; commemorated by a bronze plaque at his hometown, Rockport, Maine.

April 8, 1873 - Alfred Paraf, of New York, NY, received a patent for an "Improvement in Purifying and Separating Fats"; first commercially successful margarine manufacturing process; federal and state taxes were levied when its success threatened butter sales.

November 4, 1873 - Anthony Iske, of Lancaster, PA, received a patent for "Machines for Slicing Dried Beef"; oblique knife in a vertical sliding frame.

June 1, 1875 - Black American inventor Alexander P. Ashbourne, of Oakland, CA, received a patent for an "Improvement in Processes for Preparing Cocoa-Nut for Domestic Use"; November 30, 1875 - received a U.S. patent for a "Biscuit Cutter".

November 30, 1875 - Asmus J. Ehrrichson, of Akron, Ohio, received a patent for an "Oat-Meal Machine" ("process of converting the hulled kernels of oats into coarse meal"); oat-crushing machine.

February 17, 1876 - Julius Wolff, of Wolff & Reessing, New York importers, produced the first canned sardines in Eastport, Maine; 1875 - established Eagle Preserved Fish Company; first year - 60,000 cans (not cases) packed and sold; 1880 - 18 factories operated; 1881 to 1898 - 23 sardine factories operated in Lubec, ME.

1879 - Rudolph Lindt invented "conching" machine; improved the quality and aroma of chocolate confectionery; machine rocked chocolate for 72 hours; improved flavor, attained high degree of smoothness (vs. coarse, gritty); smooth substance called "fondant" or "melting".

February 4, 1879 - John H. Heinz, of Sharpsburg, PA, received a patent  for an "Improvement in Vegetable-Assorters" ("machines for assorting vegetables, fruits, pickles etc. according to their size").

February 27, 1879 - American chemists Ira Remsen,  Constantine Fahlberg announced discovery of saccharin, artificial sweetener, at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, MD.

November 4, 1879 - Thomas Elkins, of Albany, NY, received a patent for a "Refrigerating Apparatus" ("apparatus or devices for chilling or cooling articles liable to decay").

1880 - Samuel Bath Thomas purchased bakery at 163 Ninth Avenue in Manhattan (arrived from England in 1876); featured Thomas' English muffins (unknown in England),  baked on a griddle instead of in oven; classy alternative to toast; 1922 - family incorporated S.B. Thomas, Inc. (after his death); August 3, 1926 - registered "Thomas'" trademark firsts used 1894 (bread); 1970 - acquired by CPC, food conglomerate; January 1, 1998 - renamed Bestfoods.

February 2, 1880 - First shipment of frozen meat (exports of meat had previously been in tins) arrived in London from Melbourne, Australia (departed December 6, 1879); steamship SS Strathleven had been chartered, fitted with Bell and Coleman (of Glasgow) air compression/expansion refrigeration equipment; meat loaded from chill rooms in Sydney and Melbourne and frozen on board; arrived in excellent condition and sold well.

March 23, 1880 - John Stevens of Neenah, WI received patent for a "Grain-Crushing Roll"; grain crushing mill; allowed flour production to increase by 70% and for flour to sell for $2 per barrel.

July 27, 1880 - African-American inventor Alexander P. Ashbourne, of Boston, MA, received patent for "Refining Cocoanut Oil" ("so that it will keep sweet and fresh for many years").

July 8, 1881 - Druggist Edward Berner of Two Rivers, WI served first ice cream sundae -- by accident; put ice cream in a dish, poured  flavoring syrup for soda water (not allowed on Sundays) on top.

1882 - George Weston (18), Toronto baker's apprentice, acquired bread route from his employer for $200; 1896 - established "Weston's Model Bakery"; eventually expanded to Montreal. Winnipeg; 1910 - merged with other major Toronto bakers, formed Canada Bread Company for $1 million Canadian; signed 10-year non-compete agreement; 1921 - reentered bread business with purchase of H.C. Tomlin bread bakery; 1928 - Garfield Weston (son) incorporated company as George Weston Limited, took it public; 1938 - facilities, resources to produce 370 varieties of candy, 100 types of biscuits; 1935 - established operations in United Kingdom; incorporated Associated British Foods plc (seven bakery subsidiaries); 1943 - acquired papermaker E.B. Eddy; 1944 - entered food distribution with purchase of Western Grocers; 1953 - gained majority control of Loblaw, food retailer, distributor; 1978 - Loblaw launched No Name private label (low prices, clean and simple packaging, high quality); 1984 - Loblaws introduced premium private label called President's Choice; 1986 - food processing operations consolidated within umbrella subsidiary called Weston Foods Ltd. (baking and milling, biscuits, chocolate, dairy, specialty products, providing food and ingredients both to intermediate processors and directly to consumers); 1990s - divestment, return to core competencies, reduced company to majority ownership of Loblaw and food processing businesses, focused on bakery products, cookies, milk, fish; December 1998 - Loblaws acquired Provigo for $890 million Canadian, gained number one supermarket chain in Quebec, Canada-wide retail network, dominating 40 percent nationwide market share; 1999 - sales rose 41% to $20.85 billion Canadian; 2003 sales - $29.2 billion Canadian.

1882 - William Purvis brought macadamia seeds from Queensland to US Territory of Hawaii, planted seedlings on the big island, Hawaii, at Kapulena near Waipi'o Valley; cultivated in Australia during the mid 1800s by Scottish doctor (died at sea traveling from Australia to New Zealand), John Macadam; 1857 - botanist friend, Baron Ferdinand von Muller, first described the tree botanically; earned the right to name it - chose "Macadamia" in honor of his friend, Macadam.

March 25, 1882 - First demonstration of pancake making (department store in New York City).

1883 - German immigrant Oscar F. Mayer and his brother, Gottfried, leased Kolling Meat Market, small retail store in  German neighborhood on Chicago's near north side; 1904 - branded its meats (put name on products); 1919 - name changed to Oscar Meyer & Co.; 1924 - introduced packaged sliced bacon (December 19, 1967 - patent for "Method of Preparing Packaged Sliced Bacon" assigned to company); May 9, 1939 - registered "Oscar Mayer" trademark first used January 1, 1885 (meats and meat products); September 29, 1942 - registered 'Little Oscar' trademark (meat products -namely, sausage, ham bacon, beef loaves and meat loaves); goodwill ambassador dressed as a chef who would drive his sausage-shaped WIENERMOBILE to store openings, children's hospitals, and other locations throughout the Chicago area; 1963 - "The Oscar Mayer Wiener Jingle©" made radio debut; 1981 - acquired by General Foods.

February 5, 1884 - Black American inventor Willis Johnson, of Cincinnati, Ohio, received patent for an "Egg-Beater"; designed so that eggs, batter and similar ingredients used by bakers or confectioners could be mixed intimately efficiently.

May 20, 1884 - Lockrum Blue, of Washington, DC, received a patent for a "Hand Corn-Shelling Device" ("for rapidly and effectually removing the grain from ears of corn").

1885 - Brothers Pierre et Marius Barnier established an artisan confectionary company in Rouen, France; produced bonbons under the name of Bonbons Suisse; 1900 - acquired by Eugène Callet, wholesaler in confectioner in Nantes, renamed Bonbons Barnier; 1930 - first machines to wrap bonbons; filled candies introduced; 1969 - 'mini bonbon' created; 2007 - managed by fourth Callet generation.

1885 - John Baptist Caito and family started Western Fish Company in Pittsburg, CA; processed salmon caught in in Sacramento River; 1906 - earthquake destroyed production facility; formed California Western Fish Company; 1975 - fourth-generation Caito Brothers (Joe, Jim & John) took over operation; process millions of pounds of crab, cod, snapper, salmon at five locations along West Coast.

1886 - Milton Hershey founded Lancaster Caramel Company in Lancaster, PA; 1894 - produced sweet chocolate as coating for caramels; called new subsidiary  Hershey Chocolate Company; August 10, 1900 - sold Lancaster Caramel Company for $1 million to The American Caramel Company; produced low-cost, high-quality milk chocolate in bars, wafers, other shapes; March 2, 1903 - ground breaking for new chocolate factory in Derry Church, PA (renamed Hershey in 1906); 1905 - town of Hershey took shape; June 19, 1906 - Milton S. Hershey (dba Hershey Chocolate Company) registered "Hershey's" trademark first used January 1, 1894 (chocolate, cocoa, sweet chocolate, milk chocolate, chocolate coatings, chocolate liquors, and chocolate powder); July 1, 1907 - produced flat-bottomed, conical milk chocolate candy,  named Hershey's Kisses Chocolates; November 15, 1909 - deeds 486 acres of farm land to Hershey Trust Company for creation of orphan boys' school; November 13, 1918 - gives $60 million in Hershey Chocolate Company stock to the trust; March 6, 1923 - Hershey Chocolate Co. registered 'Hershey's Milk Chocolate Kisses' trademark first used July1, 1907 (chocolates) and Hershey's Kisses" (solid chocolates); 1969 - company's sales of $334 million; 2004 - sales of $4.4 billion.

1889 - Willoughby M. McCormick (25), staff (two girls, boy) founded McCormick & Company in one room, cellar in Baltimore, MD; root beer, flavoring extracts, fruit syrups, juices -first products; 1896 - entered spice market; 1926 - stock offered to wholesale grocers; 1932 - Charles P. McCormick (nephew) elected President, Chairman; 1961 - sales topped $50 million; 1969 - sales surpassed $100 million; 1980 - sales surpassed $500 million;  1987 - Charles P. McCormick, Jr., elected President, CEO; sales of $1 billion;  2003 - added to Standard and Poor's 500 Index; August 2008 - acquired, with Adolph's Meat Tenderizer, Lawry's, dominant in market for branded seasoned salt products, for $605 million (forced by FTC to spin off Season-All line, with $18 million in sales, to Morton International Inc. for $15 million).

February 7, 1891 - Bartlett Arkell, Walter H. Lipe, David Zielley, Jr., John D. Zielley, and Raymond P. Lipe incorporated Imperial Packing Co. in Canajoharie, NY (latter three left in few months); family business, smoking ham and bacon; products called "Beech-Nut" brand (to evoke feeling of wholesomeness, freshness, purity of the country); 1898 - company reorganized, name changed to Beech-Nut Packing Co.; 1911 - peppermint gum introduced; December 31, 1912 - Beech-Nut Packing Company registered "Beech-Nut" trademark first used in 1899 (cured ham, bacon, beef and myriad other food products); 1931 - 13 varieties of strained baby foods introduced; first company to put baby food in glass jars (vs, lead-soldered metal cans); 1938 - chopped ("junior") foods launched; early 1950s - demand for baby food increased 98% in three years; 1956 - merged with Life Savers; 1968 - merged with Squibb, Inc.; 1973 - acquired by Baker Corporation; 1977 - name changed to Beech-Nut Foods Corporation; November 1979 - acquired by Nestle S.A.; February 1982 - name changed to Beech-Nut Nutrition Corporation; 1989 - acquired by Ralston Purina Company; 1994 - spun-off to form Ralcorp Holdings, Inc.; September 1998 - acquired by The Milnot Company (privately held, St. Louis manufacturer of branded and private-label food products).

June 1891 - F. Schumacher Milling Company (founded 1856 by Ferdinand Schumacher as German Mills American Oatmeal Company) consolidated operations with Hower Oatmeal Company, Quaker Milling company, Cereal Milling Company, Rockford Oatmeal Milling Company, Iowa City Oatmeal Company, formed The American Cereal Company (capitalization of $3.4 million) in Akron, OH; 'oatmeal trust' - represented about 85% of oatmeal output in U.S.; 1901 - Ferdinand Schumacher (The American Cereal Company), Henry Parsons Crowell (Quaker Mill Company, founded in September 1877 by Henry D. Seymour and William Heston [received a patent for an "Oatmeal-Machine" on June 8, 1880], acquired by Crowell, James H. Andrews for $25,000 in 1881), Robert Stuart (Stuart, Higley, Douglas families  established North Star Oatmeal Mills in Cedar Rapids. IA in 1874) combined their companies, founded Quaker Oats Company; Robert Stuart as CEO; 1907 - reorganized as operating company; June 26, 1906 - American Cereal Company registered "Quaker" trademark first used in September 1877 (oatmeal, rolled oats, [cracked wheat, rolled wheat,] farina, hominy grits, pearled barley, [prepared rice,] and breakfast foods); 1926 - acquired Aunt Jemima Mills Company; October 16, 1951 - registered "Shot From Guns" trademark first used in 1909 (puffed wheat and puffed rise, for human consumption); August 2001 - acquired by Pepsico. 

June 16, 1891 - George A. Hormel, son of German immigrants, founded Geo. A. Hormel & Company as small retail store in Austin, MN; first plant in abandoned creamery located on banks of Red Cedar River; 1941 - nearly 4,500 employees, $74.6 million in sales; August 22, 1950 - registered "Spam" trademark first used May 11, 1937 (canned meat product, consisting primarily of pork chopped and molded in loaf form in the can); December 1984 -  members of United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW) Local P-9 initiated campaign against wage,  benefit concessions demanded by management; 1,700 workers struck; spring 1986 - International union placed local in receivership; 1991 - name   changed to Hormel Foods Corporation

May 31, 1892 - Lea & Perrins Firm registered "Lea & Perrins Worchestershire Sauce" trademark first used 1874 (Sauce for Roast Meats, Steaks, Cutlets, Chops, Fish, Curries, Gravies, Game, and Soup).

1893 - Quaker City Confectionery Company in Philadelphia first produced GOOD & PLENTY candy; oldest branded candy in the United States; June 12, 1928 - registered "Good and Plenty" trademark first used September 1908 (candy); 1950 - Choo Choo Charlie, engineer who fueled his train with GOOD & PLENTY Candy, first appeared in advertisements; 1973 - acquired by Warner Lambert; 1982 - acquired by Beatrice Foods ; 1983 - acquired by Huhtamaki Oy; 1996 - acquired by Hershey Foods.

1893 - Halls Brothers formed in Britain, originally to sell soap and jams; broadened to candy products.

June 16, 1893 - F.W. (Frederick William) Rueckheim and Brother introduced a popcorn, peanuts, and molasses confection at the World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago's First World Fair; 1896 - Louis Rueckheim , F.W.'s brother and partner, discovered process for keeping molasses-covered popcorn from sticking together; gave treat to a salesman who exclaimed, "That's crackerjack!"; November 26, 1907 - Rueckheim Bros. and Eckstein Corporation registered "Cracker Jack" trademark first used Januaary 1906 (candied popcorn);  1908 - Jack Norworth wrote lyrics to "Take Me Out to the Ball Game" during a 30-minute subway ride (Albert Von Tilzer composed the music); song's third line immotalized the brand: "Buy me some peanuts and Cracker Jack"; 1912 - introduced "A Prize in Every Box" with toys inserted into every package; June 1919 - Sailor Jack and his dog, Bingo, first appeared on packages (modeled after F.W. Rueckheim's young grandson, Robert); April 14, 1925 - Cracker Jack Co. registered "Cracker Jack" trademark (candies pop corn with sailor and dog logo); 1964 - sold to Borden; 1997 - acquired by Frito-Lay.

August 1, 1893 - Henry D. Perky and William H. Ford, of Watertown, NY, received a patent for a "Machine for the Preparation of Cereals for Food" (the economic reduction of cereals in the grain state to desirable forms of food without detracting from their natural nutritious qualities and virtue and for the better preparation of the same for more convenient and general use"); May 29, 1894 - received a patent for a "Machine for the Manufacture of Food Products from Cereals" ("practical and efficient machine for the treatment of cereals whereby they may be economically converted into a wholesome food production a desirable and convenient form"); June 26, 1894 - received a patent for a "Machine for the Manufacture of Food Products from Cereals" ("production of a simple, efficient, and practical machine for the reduction of cereals into an edible, wholesome and palatable food product in a convenient and desirable form"); all patents assigned to The Cereal Machine Company (Colorado).

August 29, 1893 - Sixty independent orange growers formed Southern California Fruit Exchange, union of local associations into general cooperative (at urging of T.H.B. Chamblin, manager of Pachappa Orange Growers Association in Riverside), to market their fruit (citrus acreage grew from 3,000 to more than 40,000 acres between 1880-1893); 1905 - incorporated as California Fruit Growers Exchange; April 1908 - Exchange's advertising agency, Lord & Thomas, adopted 'Sunkist' for new name in ad campaigns; $7,000 advertising campaign launched in Iowa; orange sales increased 50%; January 30, 1912 - California Fruit Growers Exchange Corporation registered "Sunkist" trademark first used on May 10, 1908 (lemons); February 1952 - name changed to Sunkist Growers, Inc.; 2008 - not-for-profit marketing cooperative entirely owned, operated for 6,000 California, Arizona citrus growers; one of ten largest marketing cooperatives in America, largest fruit and vegetable cooperative in world.

October 6, 1893 - Diamond Milling Company, Grand Forks, ND, owned by Emery Mapes, George Bull, George Clifford, created Cream Of Wheat (named by Fred Clifford, Sr. because the product was so white), a hot cereal, a porridge product using farina, during the economic depression of that year; Emery Mapes created Rastus, African American chef used on logo for skillet, woodcut image of Cream of Wheat chef, on box; January 23, 1900 - Cream of Wheat Company (Minneapolis, MN) registered "Cream of Wheat" trademark first used March 1, 1895  (breakfast-foods, including rolled wheat, cracked wheat, wheat grits, wheat-farina, and purified middlings); 1920's - replaced by face of Chicago waiter who was paid five dollars to pose in chef's hat, jacket; 1962 - acquired by National Biscuit Company Grocery Division; 2000 - Nabisco Holdings acquired by Kraft Foods' parent company, Philip Morris Companies, Inc.; February 25, 2007 - acquired (with Cream of Rice) by subsidiaries of B&G Foods, Inc. from Kraft Foods Global, Inc., for $200 million (2006 sales of $60 million).

1894 - Will Keith (W.K.) Kellogg and his brother, Dr. John Harvey Kellogg, accidentally discovered process of creating flaked cereal while experimenting with shredded wheat cereal; 1898 - W.K. Kellogg had developed first flaked corn cereal; 1906 - W.K. Kellogg persuaded John Harvey to start a commercial cereal business initially called the Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Company.

1894 - William H. Danforth (bookkeeper), George Robinson, William Andrews formed Robinson-Danforth Commission Company, with a capital investment of $12,000, to manufacture horse and mule feed made from crushed grains; May 26, 1896 - tornado destroyed company's milling facility; Danforth borrowing $10,000 to build new mill; became majority shareholder (bought Andrews shares); 1898 - entered human foods market with Purina ( 'Where purity is paramount') Whole Wheat Cereal, line of whole-wheat breakfast cereals; renamed 'Ralston Wheat Cereal' after endorsed by human-diet guru Dr. Ralston (Webster Edgerly - had begun program called Ralstonism, from RALSTON anagram: Regime, Activity, Light, Strength, Temperation, Oxygen and Nature); 1902 - merged with Ralston Cereal Company (founded 1900), renamed Ralston Purina Company, Checkerboard as Ralston's trademark; March 5, 1907 - registered "Purina" trademark first used October 1, 1893 (cornmeal, wheat-flour, cereal breakfast food, and pancake-flour); May 7, 1907 - registered "Ralston" trademark first used March 1, 1895 (cereal breakfast food); December 12, 2001 -  merged with Nestlé Holdings, Inc. in $10.3 billion transaction.

1894 - Austria-Hungarian immigrants Emil Reichel, Sam Ladany opened first Vienna Sausage Co. store on Chicago's Near West Side at 417 S. Halsted Ave.; 1900 - marketed, sold products to other stores, restaurants around Chicago; 1984 - acquired Chicago Pickle Company, added condiments to product mix; 2004 - entered Guinness Book of World Records with longest hot dog ever-37 feet and 2 inches.

1895 - Charles William (C.W.) Post developed, produced his first product, Postum cereal beverage (coffee substitute); named company Postum Ltd.; 1897 - developed Grape-Nuts cereal (nutty flavor of nuggets), part of new ready-to-eat breakfast food industry in United States; June 14, 1898 - registered "Grape-Nuts" trademark first used December 1, 1897 (cooked or prepared cereal food for human consumption); 1908 - introduced corn flakes product first called Elijah's Manna, later renamed Post Toasties; June 2, 1908 - registered "Post Toasties" trademark first used August 23, 1907 (cereal breakfast-foods); December 31, 1925 - acquired Jell-O Company, Inc.; July 24, 1929 - Postum Incorporated renamed General Foods; 1985 - acquired by Philip Morris Companies for $5.6 billion, largest non-oil acquisition to that time; March, 1989 - combined with Kraft Inc., renamed Kraft General Foods (KGF).

1895 - Wisconsin Cheese Makers Association founded.

June 4, 1895 - Black American inventor Joseph Lee, of Auburndale, MA, received a patent for a "Bread Crumbing Machine" intended "for use in hotels or restaurants, where a large quantity of bread crumbs are used in cooking."

September 17, 1895 - Henry D. Perky, of Denver, CO, received a design patent for "A Design for a Biscuit" ("presents a fibrous interstitial appearance , showing superimposed layers or irregular interlacing threads or filaments which are wound or disposed in such loose relation to each other that the threads or filaments of the inner layers are visible from the surface to a greater or less degree through the interstices of the outer layers"); shredded wheat; October 15, 1895 - received patent for "Bread and Method of Preparing Same"; shredded wheat; founded The Cereal Machine Company to make shredded wheat; pioneer of the "cookless breakfast food" and it was he who first mass produced and nationally distributed ready-to-eat cereal; 1901 - opened factory in Niagara Falls, NY (called 'Palace of Light'); 1908 - renamed Natural Food Company;  1913 - renamed The Shredded Wheat Company; December 1928 - acquired by National Biscuit Company (Nabisco); 1941 - product name changed to Nabisco Shredded Wheat.

1896 - P.G. Molinari (26) opened salame store and factory at 433 Broadway, San Francisco; 1950 - Peter Giorgi (son's son-in-law) joined business; 1978 - Frank Giorgi, great grandson, joined company.

February 23, 1896 - Austrian immigrant Leo Hirshfield brought recipe for chocolaty, chewy candy to U. S., produced it in small store in New York City; candy named for his five-year-old daughter (nickname of "Tootsie"); September 14, 1909 - Stern & Saalberg Company, New York, NY, registered "Tootsie" trademark first used September 1908 (chocolate candy). 1917 -name changed to Sweets Company of America; advertised nationally; 1922 - went public; June 16, 1925 - registered "Tootsie Rolls" trademark first used in September 1908 (candy); 1931 - introduced Tootsie Pop; 1966 - name changed to Tootsie Roll Industries, Inc.; 1978 - Ellen Gordon named President, second woman elected president of company listed on New York Stock Exchange; 1988 - acquired Charms Company, became world's largest lollipop producer; 2003 - production reached more than 60 million Tootsie Rolls, 20 million Tootsie Pops each day.

April 14, 1896 - John Harvey Kellogg, of Battle Creek, MI, received a patent  for "Flaked Cereals and Process of Preparing Same" ("to provide a food product which is in a proper condition to be readily digested without preliminary cooking or heating operation, and which is highly nutritive and of an agreeable taste, thus affording a food product particularly well suited for sick and convalescing persons"); to improve vegetarian diet of his hospital patients with  digestible bread-substitute made by boiling wheat (easy to prepare breakfast when milk added).

1902 - Jacob Leander Loose, Joseph Schull Loose, John A. Wiles formed Loose-Wiles Biscuit Company in Kansas City, MO; 1908 - introduced Hydrox cookie (name combined water's atomic elements--hydrogen and oxygen); April 15, 1913 - registered "Hydrox" trademark first used January 1, 1910 (biscuits, cakes, cookies); May 4, 1937 - Sunshine Biscuits, Inc. registered "HI-HO" trademark first used December 1931 (crackers, biscuits, and cakes); 1947 - name changed to Sunshine Biscuits (better known than Loose-Wiles); March 27, 1951 - registered "Vienna Fingers" trademark first used January 1915 (biscuits - namely cookies); January 28, 1958 - registered "Sunshine Krispy" trademark first used in 1908 (crackers), saltines; July 25, 1967 - registered "Sunshine" trademark first used in August 1908 (crackers e al); April 18, 1988 - acquired by G. F. Industries, Inc.; 1995 - sales of about $500 million; June 4, 1996 - merged into Keebler Company (leader in supplying biscuits to food service industry, more than $2 billion in annual sales, combined market share of about 23% by volume, vs. 36% held by Nabisco Biscuit Co.); 2003- Hydrox discontinued (1998 sales of $16 million vs. $374 million for Oreos); 2008 - Hydrox reintroduced by popular demand (more than 1,300 phone inquiries, online petition with more than 1,000 signatures, Internet chat sites).

December 15, 1903 - Italo Marchiony, of New York, NY, received U.S. patent for a "Mold" ("particularly such molding apparatuses as are used in the manufacture of ice cream sups and the like"); ice cream cup mold; sold ice cream and lemon ice on Wall Street served in baked waffles, folded by hand while warm into shape of a cup; built chain of 45 carts; met need for mass production with invention of a multiple recess mold based on a waffle-iron; produced 10 cups at a time; April 30, 1904 - took confection to Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis, got idea for a cone shape.

July 1904 - Ice cream cone invented during 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis (known as St. Louis World's Fair). Several credited with invention of first edible cone: David Avayou, Abe Doumar (Lebanese immigrant recognized by Smithsonian), Arnold Fornachou, Ernest Hamwi, Albert and Nick Kabbaz, Charles E. Menches - all  made, sold confections at 1904 Fair.

February 19, 1906 - Will Keith (W.K.) Kellogg and Charles D. Bolin, St. Louis insurance man and former patient at Kellogg's sanitarium, incorporated Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Co. in Michigan,  with $35 thousand cash raised by Bolin in St. Louis, to produce Kellogg’s Corn Flakes (after having purchased right to make the flakes from Dr. John Harvey Kellogg); began  manufacture of Sanitas Corn Flakes, cereal products to former sanitarium patients; name changed later to Toasted Corn Flake Company, then to Kellogg Toasted Corn Flake Company, finally to Kellogg Co. Dr. Kellogg was majority stockholder; distributed part of this stock among the Sanitarium doctors in lieu of salary increases; W. K. bought all of stock   Dr. John had given to Physicians in aggressive effort to become majority shareholder; April 1 1906 - company started production of Kellogg's Toasted Corn Flakes™; October 1906 - company began using phrase, "The Original Has This Signature— W.K. Kellogg™" (remained a prominent feature on cereal packages, in advertisements for years; (about) May 1, 1907 - first use of Kellogg's logo (stylized version of W.K.'s last name) placed on the top of cereal packages; June 1907 - 300 employees on the payroll, workers' paid $2 a day; 1909 - annual sales exceeded a million cases; 1909 - company introduced second product, Kellogg's Toasted Rice Flakes™;   1912 - one of first organizations to use large-scale outdoor advertising display; erected a 106-foot-wide, 80-foot-tall billboard on top of Mecca Building at 48th Street and Broadway in Times Square, New York City; billed as world's largest advertising sign; 1914 - introduced "Waxtite™", thick, smooth envelope of paraffin (waxed paper) that encased Kellogg's cereal boxes after they were opened (liners inside the packages were added a few years later).

March 1906 - California and Hawaiian Sugar Refining Company began refining pure cane sugar in Crockett, CA (near San Francisco) to compete with sugar Trust on West Coast (started in 1897 as California Beet Sugar Refining Company at site of former flour mill; 1903 - failed, couldn't process enough beets; Claus Spreckels granted three year lease on plant, docks; 1905 - acquired by Sugar Factors Co. Ltd. of Hawaii commission company for handling output for several Hawaii sugar plantations; controlled by Alexander & Baldwin, Castle & Cooke, C. Brewer & Co., Amfac, Theo H. Davies & Co. - Hawaii's 'Big Five'), Makee Sugar Company (Col. Z. S. Spalding); name changed to California and Hawaiian Sugar Refining Company;  employed 490 people, produced 67,000 tons of refined cane sugar; 1921 - reorganized as agricultural cooperative marketing association owned by owned by fourteen sugar plantations in Hawaii; one of 50 largest U.S. cooperatives, second largest U.S. refined sugar marketing organization;  January 14, 1936 - registered "C & H" trademark first used August 4, 1934 (sugar); June 1993 -  acquired by Alexander & Baldwin, Inc.; August 5, 1998 - 60% interest in recapitalized company acquired by investment group (including Citicorp Venture Capital, Ltd.).

April 20, 1906 - J. Lloyd Ford purchased small barn-like milling operation in Shawnee, OK, named it Shawnee Milling Company (75 barrels of flour a day); 2005 - produces over 2 million pounds per day of consumer and food service products, wide variety of quality animal feed products.

May 22, 1906 - Wheatena Corporation (Rahway, NJ) registered "Wheatena" trademark first used in 1879 (wheat breakfast food).

June 30, 1906 - Federal Food and Drugs Act of 1906 (The "Wiley Act") became law (Meat Inspection Act was a companion measure with the Pure Food and Drug Act); prevented the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated or misbranded or poisonous or deleterious foods, drugs, medicines, and liquors, and for regulating traffic therein, and for other purposes. Named for Harvey W. Wiley came to be the leader of the "pure food crusade"; chemist and physician, State chemist of Indiana and professor at Purdue University, Wiley went to Washington in 1883 as chief chemist of the Department of Agriculture. He made the study of food adulteration his bureau's principal business, at first merely outraged by what he deemed essentially harmless fraud. In time, sensing real threats to health, Wiley could express himself in writing, conversation, and oratory with vividness, clarity, homely wit, and moral passion. He toured the country making speeches, every rostrum a pulpit for the gospel of pure food. Passage of Meat Inspection Act was aided by the publication of Upton Sinclair's famous novel, The Jungle (1906), which revealed in ghastly detail the unsanitary conditions of the Chicago stockyards and meat-packing plants.

1908 - Theodore Tobler introduced triangle-shaped Toblerone ("Tobler" with "torrone," nougat candy) chocolate bar; 1909 - first patented milk chocolate candy containing honey and almonds; 1970 - A.G. Chocolat Tobler and Chocolat Suchard S.A., another Switzerland-based chocolate manufacturer, joined forces as Suchard Tobler to enable Toblerone chocolates to broaden distribution.

1911 - Frank and Ethel Mars made, sold variety of butter-cream candies from kitchen of their home in Tacoma,  WA; 1913 - rented first factory, Mars Candy Factory, Inc.; 1914-1915 - moved to another factory; 1916 - moved to third factory, 125 employees; business failed; 1920 - returned to Minneapolis, MN, started Nougat House basket candies business; 1922 - introduced Mar-O-Bar, changed name to Mar-O-Bar Company to manufacture chocolate candy bars (later incorporated as Mars, Inc.); 1923 - sales of $69,000; introduced Milky Way; March 10, 1925 - Frank C. Mars, doing business as Mar-O-Bar Company, registered "Milky Way" trademark first used in 1922 (candy); 1926 - name changed to Mars Candies; February 28, 1928 - Mars Incorporated dba Mar-O-Bar Company registered "Snickers" trademark first used in April 1923 (candy comprising candy bars);  1929 - known as Mars, Incorporated (200 employees); 1930 - sales of $26.7 million; Snickers Bar introduced; June 20, 1933 - registered Mars" trademark first used May 1, 1932 (candy); 1941 - introduced M&Ms Plain Chocolate Candies; August 11, 1942 - M. & M. Limited Partnership registered "M&Ms" trademark first used March 3, 1941 (candy); 1954 - introduced M&Ms Peanut Chocolate Candies; 1967 -  Forrest Mars (son) took over; April 28, 2008 - $22 billion in sales; agreed to acquire Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company for $23 billion (included financing from Berkshire Hathaway, holding company run by Warren Buffett); Wrigley (founded 1891, $5.4 billion in sales, world leader in gum and confections) will become separate, stand-alone subsidiary of Mars (Berkshire Hathaway will make minority equity investment in Wrigley subsidiary); combined company would have strong foundation of established brands in six core growth categories -- chocolate, non-chocolate confectionery, gum, food, drinks, petcare

August 15, 1911 - Procter & Gamble Company introduced Crisco as economical alternative to animal fats, butter = first solidified shortening product made entirely of vegetable oil, result of hydrogenation, new process which produced shortening that would stay in solid form year-round, regardless of temperature; July 24, 1917 - registered "Crisco" trademark first used June 1, 1911 (cooking-fat).

July 13, 1921 - Christian K. Nelson, chocolate maker Russell C. Stover entered into a joint agreement in Des Moines, IA to produce, market Nelson's "I-Scream Bar"; name changed to Eskimo Pie ("coat ice cream with chocolate [sic] divide the profits equally"); decided to sell manufacturing rights to local ice cream companies for $500 to $1000, plus royalties on each Eskimo Pie sold; first 250,000 pies produced sold within 24 hours; spring 1922 -  2,700 manufacturers sold one million Eskimo Pies per day; January 24, 1922 - Nelson, of Onawa, IA, received patent for a "Confection"; Eskimo Pie; ice cream centre covered in chocolate; described: "in its simplest form, a block or brick or frozen confection within an edible container or shell. The core or center may be an ice cream, sherbet, sorbet, ice, or other material congealed by refrigeration"; shell was described as "like that used in coating chocolate candies, although preferably modified to harden at a lower temperature," and not too brittle; half patent assigned to Russell Stover (Chicago, IL); 1922 - Stover sold his share of the company; 1924 - acquired by United States Foil Company, supplier of Eskimo Pie wrapper (later known as Reynolds Metals Company); October 3, 1929 -  U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals declared 1922 patent was invalid, due to "lack of invention"; April 13, 1943 - registered "Eskimo Pie" trademark first used October 3, 1921 (ice cream); 1992 - Eskimo Pie became independent of Reynolds' Metals.

September 1922 - Clarence Birdseye started Birdseye Seafoods Inc. to process chilled fish fillets at a plant near the Fulton Fish Market in New York City (former U.S. field naturalist near the Arctic, learned technique of flash freezing from Labrador Inuit); 1924 - filed for bankruptcy; July 3, 1924 - organized General Seafood Corporation (began frozen foods industry); October 14, 1924 - received a patent for a "Method of Preserving Piscatorial Products" ('improved process for the preservation of fish and sea-foods in general"); November 30, 1926 - received a patent for a "Method in Preparing Foods and the Product Obtained Thereby" ("which will render the same more readily handles without damage, and more permanent in form when sliced, cooked or otherwise treated after purchase and in preparation for eating");  June 1929 - Postum Company acquired General Seafood Corporation for $22 million; later  renamed General Foods Corporation; Birdseye relinquished all patents related to quick-freezing process, remained head of Research and Development (Birds Eye Frosted Foods division).

1923 - Russell and Clara Stover began candy business in their home in Denver, CO (had sold interest in Eskimo Pie); marketed as "Mrs. Stover's Bungalow Candies"; 1941 - name changed to Russell Stover Candies; October 16, 1962 - registered "Russell Stover" trademark first used in 1941 (candy); 1969 - acquired by Louis Ward (made boxes for Stover chocolates; 35 retail stores, more than 2,000 agencies); March 1993 - acquired Stephen F. Whitman & Son ($85 million in sales), America's oldest continuous producer of boxed chocolates, for $35 million.

February 13, 1923 - Joseph Rosefield, of Alameda, CA, received a patent for "Peanut Butter and Process of Manufacturing the Same"; process to prevent oil separation in peanut butter (hydrogenated peanut butter); used finer grinding, hydrogenation, emulsifier to keep oil from separating; shelf-stable peanut butter would stay fresh for up to a year because oil didn't separate from peanut butter.

February 14, 1923 - Velveeta (smooth as velvet) Cheese Company incorporated in Monroe, NY; packaged using 1921 invention of tinfoil lining that could house cheese inside wooden box; special cooking properties - would never curdle when heated; November 27, 1923 - Max O. Schaefer (d.b.a. Velveeta Cheese Company) registered 'Velveeta' trademark (cheese); 1927 - Velveeta Cheese Company sold to Kraft.

1924 - Ettiore (Hector) Boiardi, formerly of the Plaza Hotel in New York, Greenbriar in West Virginia, Hotel Winton in Cleveland, opened Il Giardino d’Italia restaurant in Cleveland; packaged pasta and sauce for customers to take home; 1930s - began selling pasta, sauce in cans; food distributor convinced him to change spelling of his name to 'Boyardee' to make it easier for Americans to pronounce; during World War II - largest supplier of rations for U.S. and Allied Forces; 1946 - acquired by conglomerate American Home Foods (now International Home Foods). for $6 million; September 28, 1965 - American Home Products registered "Chef Boyardee" trademark first used September 1929; 2000 - acquired by ConAgra.

1924 - Johnson Company of Chicago produced Bit-O-Honey candy bar; almond bits embedded in honey-flavored taffy; July 14, 1925 - Schutter-Johnson Candy Co. registered "Bit-O-Honey" trademark first used October 1924 (candy); now owned by Nestle.

January 29, 1924 - Carl R. Taylor, of Cleveland, OH, received patent for a "Cone-Rolling Machine"; ice cream cone rolling machine; described as a "machine for forming thin, freshly baked wafers while still hot into cone shaped containers" for ice-cream.

November 1924 - Ready-to-eat cereal, known as Washburn’s Gold Medal Whole Wheat Flakes, introduced;  created when Minneapolis health clinician preparing wheat bran mixture accidentally spilled some on hot stove, created tasty wheat flakes; George Cormack, head miller at Washburn Crosby Company (General Mills’s predecessor), perfected process for producing wheat flakes; name shortened to "Wheaties" as result of employee contest won by Jane Bausman, wife of company executive; June 9, 1925 - Washburn Crosby Company (Minneapolis, MN) registered "Wheaties" trademark first used November 12, 1924 (cereal food product); 1933 - brand’s sports association began with sign on left field wall at Nicollet Park in south Minneapolis, home of Minneapolis Millers, minor league team; Minneapolis advertising man Knox Reeves created slogan: "Wheaties—The Breakfast of Champions"; 1934 - Lou Gehrig first athlete to appear on Wheaties box (back); August 29, 1939 - Wheaties sponsored first televised commercial sports broadcast of game between Cincinnati Reds and the Brooklyn Dodgers for some 500 owners of television sets in New York City; 1958 - Bob Richards, Olympic decathlon gold medalist first athlete to appear on front of Wheaties box; 1984 - first woman to appear on front of Wheaties box was gold medal gymnast Mary Lou Retton.

December 9, 1924 - Wm. Wrigley, Jr. Company, Chicago, IL, registered "Wrigley's" (chewing gum) trademark first used January 1, 1892 (chewing gum).

March 31, 1925 - United Cape Cod Cranberry Company registered "Ocean Spray" trademark first used October 1921 (canned cranberries".

December 1, 1925 - Planters Nut & Chocolate Company, Suffolk, VA, registered "Mr. Peanut" trademark first used June 1916 (Candy, Salted Peanuts, Peanut Meal, Peanut Butter, and Candies Peanuts); March 5, 1935 - registered "Planters" trademark first used in 1906 (roasted peanuts, salted peanuts, peanut butter...")

1926 - Joseph Draps founded a chocolate company in Belgium that was named in honor of legend of Lady Godiva; 1974 - acquired by Campbell Soup Company.

December 7, 1926 - Keebler Weyl Baking Co., Philadelphia, PA, registered "Keebler" trademark first used 1860 (cookies, cakes, crackers and fancy grade of biscuit-like articles coated with chocolate, fondant, and marshmallow). 

1927 - Dorothy Gerber hand-strained solid food for her seven-month-old daughter; 1928 - became first baby food analyst at Fremont Canning Company (family produced a line of canned fruits and vegetables); strained peas, prunes, carrots. spinach, to beef vegetable soup ready for national market; launched advertising campaign featuring a coupon and Gerber Baby in publications from The Journal of the American Medical Association to Good Housekeeping; grocers placed orders by the dozen; within six months, Gerber Baby Foods on grocery store shelves across the nation; March 4, 1952 - Gerber Products Company registered "Gerber" trademark first used October 12, 1928 (canned foods for infants); 1994 - merged with Sandoz Ltd.; December 1996 - part of Novartis group of companies (formed by merger of Ciba-Geigy Ltd. and Sandoz Ltd.).

1927 - Austrian candy executive Eduard Haas (Vienna-based Haas Food Manufacturing Corporation) invented Pez candy (abbreviation of the German word for peppermint,  PfeffErminZ); originally marketed as an adult mint for people trying to quit smoking; 1947 - Pez dispenser designed, looked like a cigarette lighter (patented in 1949); 1952 - exporting Pez candies to the United States; May 27, 1952 - registered "Pez" trademark (sweets).

1927 - Vincent Taormina's New York business merged with his cousin's business [Guiseppe] Uddo & Taormina Corporation of New Orleans, formed Progresso® Italian Food Corporation of New York City; December 1, 1942 - Uddo Taormina Corp. registered "Progresso" trademark first used in 1922 (canned vegetables); 1949 - first Progresso premium soup was introduced (first canned, ready-to-serve soup in America).

1928 - William Dreyer, former manager of National Ice Cream plant in Oakland, CA, partnered with candy-maker Joseph Edy (Edy's Character Candies Shop), opened Grand Ice Cream Company on Grand Avenue in Oakland; 1929 - Rocky Road flavor debuts; July 1947 - partnership dissolved; 1953 - William Dreyer, Jr. took over; name changed to Dreyer's Grand Ice Cream; 1963 - acquired by Al Wolff, Bob Boone and Ken Cook (company officers); May 20, 1977 - acquired by T. Gary Rogers, William F. Cronk (former classmates at Berkeley) for $1.1 million; leading manufacturer and distributor of packaged ice cream in the West; 1981 - went public; 1994 - #1 packaged ice cream in U.S., largest share in premium ice cream market; 2003 - 67% acquired by Nestle; January 2006 - 100% control acquired by Nestle ($2 billion in sales, more than 6,000 employees); world's biggest ice cream maker.

1928 - Milton J. Holloway took over F. Hoffman & Company of Chicago, original manufacturer of Milk Duds chocolate covered caramels; named because original idea of perfectly round piece was impossible, word "duds" used; "milk" used to reflect large amount of milk in product.

June 20, 1928 - General Mills incorporated; result of James Ford Bell's merging of Red Star Milling Company, Royal Milling Company, Kalispell Flour Mills Company; Rocky Mountain Elevator Company, Washburn Crosby Company; June 22, 1928 - came into existence; November 30, 1928 - stock first traded on New York Stock Exchange; 2001 - acquired The Pillsbury Company.

November 27, 1928 - Kellogg Company registered "Rice Krispies" trademark first used February 29, 1928 (breakfast food).

1930 - Marcus L. Urann, two other cranberry growers formed Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc.; first introduced Ocean Spray Cranberry Juice Cocktail; June 2, 1931 - Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. (Lakeville-Middleboro, MA) registered "Ocean Spray" trademark first used October 1921 (fresh cranberries, canned cranberries, and cranberry syrup); 1963 - introduced juice industry's first juice blend--Cran•Apple™ Cranberry Apple Juice Drink; 1976 - expanded co-op to include grapefruit growers from Florida's Indian River region; 1991 - introduced Ocean Spray® Ruby Red Grapefruit Juice Drink.

1930's - Ruth Wakefield, of Whitman MA, is credited with inventing chocolate chip cookies at her Toll House Restaurant; August 27, 1940 - Societe des Produits  Nestle S.A. registered "Toll House" trademark first used April 10, 1940 (cookies); 1941 - Nestle began marketing her chip cookies to public; April 17, 1956 - Nestle S.A. Company, Inc. (White Plains, NY) registered "Toll House" trademark (cookie mix).

March 6, 1930 - Birdseye conducted (via General Foods) "Springfield Experiment Test Market" in Springfield, MA; sold 26 different (first) frozen vegetables, fruits, fish, meats at 18 retail stores to see how consumers would react to frozen foods; birth of retail frozen foods; May 20, 1930 - Clarence Birdseye, of Gloucester, MA, received a patent for a "Method of Preparing Consumer Packages" ("practiced most advantageously when it includes as one characteristic step the quick-freezing of the product");  August 12, 1930 - received a patent for a "Method of Preparing Food Products" ("treating food products by refrigerating same, preferably by "quick" freezing the product into a frozen block in which the pristine qualities and flavors of the product are retained for a substantial period after the block has been thawed"); packaged frozen food; assigned to Frosted Foods Company, Inc. (General Foods subsidiary);  September 9, 1930 - received a patent for a "Method of Packaging Fruit Juices" ('without deterioration in flavor or composition...by freezing with sufficient rapidity to avoid such separation"); July 7, 1931 - Frosted Foods Company, Inc. registered "Birds Eye" trademark first used February 15, 1930 (frozen food products); November 3, 1952 - marketed first frozen peas in Chester, NY; 1961 -  incorporated as producer, marketer of processed food products; 1983 - General Foods acquired by Philip Morris;  1993 - Birdseye acquired by Dean Foods Vegetable Company for about $140 million; 1998 - acquired by Agrilink Foods; February 10, 2003 - name changed to Birds Eye Foods Inc. to reflect company's largest brand.

April 6, 1930 - Continental Baking Company executive Jimmy Dewar invented (Hostess) Twinkies; used machines for cream filled strawberry shortcake, idle after strawberry season, to make snack cake filled with banana filling, charged nickel for package of 2; came up with name when driving by a billboard that had an ad for shoes from the "Twinkle Toe Shoe Company", shortened name to ....Twinkies; June 20, 1961 - Continental Baking Company registered "Twinkie" trademark first used June 25, 1930 (cake); 1995 - acquired by Interstate Bakeries Corporation.

April 28, 1931 - Automotive pioneer, industrialist, philanthropist Charles Stewart Mott (largest GM shareholder) acquired lands, sugar mill, other assets of bankrupt Southern Sugar Company in Florida; renamed United States Sugar Corporation; 1941 - Florida sugar industry profitable; early 1980s - largest sugar-producing state in country (U.S. Sugar Corporation largest sugar producer in state - internal transportation system, railroad with over 120 miles of track, 1100 railcars linking sugarcane fields with mills, extensive research facility); mid 1980s - employees became largest shareholders in Company through ESOP (Employee Stock Ownership Plan); 2008 - one of country's largest privately held agricultural firms, farms nearly 187,858 acres of most productive farmland in United States, mills can process nearly 45,000 tons of sugarcane per day, produce over 700,000 tons of sugar per year.

November 24, 1931 - General Mills, Inc. registered "Bisquick" trademark first used July 16, 1931 (biscuit flour).

November 24, 1931 - Midgley, Henne & McNary received a patent for flurocarbon refrigeration (Freon).

1932 - Elmer Doolin of San Antonio, TX, operator of the Highland Park Confectioner, purchased rights to unknown corn chip product to diversify his ice cream business; spent $100 for corn chip recipe, 19 retail accounts, manufacturing equipment (converted hand-operated potato ricer); established new business venture in his mother's kitchen; 1933 - increased Fritos production from 10 pounds to nearly 100 pounds an hour; August 29, 1933 - Daisy D. Doolin (dba FRITO Company) registered FRITOS trademark first used March 27, 1932 (cakes); 1939 - Herman W. Lay, former major distributor of Gardner's Potato Chips for Barrett Food Products Company, formed H.W. Lay Corporation in Atlanta, GA as a distributor of potato chips; 1944 - changed product name to Lay's Potato Chips; 1945 - first of the FRITOS® franchises offered to The H.W. Lay Company of Atlanta, GA; 1950 - FRITOS® sold in all 48 states; 1954 - Frito sales of $21 million; 1956 - H.W. Lay & Company & Company largest manufacturer of potato chips and snack foods in United States; more than 1,000 employees, plants in eight cities, branches or warehouses in thirteen others; LAY'S® Potato Chips is America's favorite potato chip.

1932 - Rosefield Packing Co. (Alamada, CA) introduced Skippy Peanut Butter (based on February 13, 1923 patented manufacturing process); first use of "Skippy" as trademark for peanut butter (apparently taken from Percy Crosby cartoon character of same name, invalidated in 1934); canceled exclusive licensing agreement with Swift & Co., makers of Peter Pan Peanut Butter, following a dispute; February 1, 1933 - began selling Skippy; introduced chunk-style peanut butter; December 21, 1948 - registered "Skippy" trademark first used February 1, 1933 (peanut butter); April 18, 1950 - Fitzhugh L. Avera, of Alameda, CA, received patent for a "Process of Manufacturing Stabilized Nut Butters" ("improved process of with hydrogenated stabilizers to afford end products substantially devoid of taste sensations of waxiness or unctuosity"); new type of cold-processed hydrogenated peanut oil; assigned to Rosefield Packing Co.; 1954 - company had nearly 25 percent of U.S. peanut butter market; 1955 - company acquired by BestFoods; June 6, 2000 - British-Dutch food giant Unilever NV agreed to buy BestFoods in deal worth $24.3 billion; April 5, 2004 - U.S. Supreme Court refused to hear trademark infringement suit by Joan Crosby Tibbetts, daughter of Percy Crosby, against Skippy's manufacturer, BestFoods division of multinational conglomerate Unilever; [may have] ended 39-year quest to invalidate Skippy trademark registered by CPC International.

November 15, 1932 - MARS, Incorporated registered "3 MUSKETEERS" trademark first used May 1, 1932 (candy);  third brand produced, manufactured by company; named for original design of product (three pieces, three flavors: vanilla, chocolate, and strawberry).

February 16, 1932 - James E. Markham, of Xenia, IL, received a patent  for a "Peach" ("cross of the J. H. Hale peach and an unknown yellow variety of a strong and vigorous character, the object in view being by reproduction to combine and improve the good characteristics of the two varieties so as to obtain a better tree, large in size, bearing good quality fruit and possessing other characteristics which go to make a good commercial or marketable peach"); assigned to Stark Bro's Nurseries and Orchards Company of Louisiana, MS; first patent for fruit tree, seventh plant patent in U.S.

July 12, 1932 - Otto Frederick Rohwedder, of Davenport, IA, received a patent for a "Machine for Slicing an Entire Loaf of Bread at a Single Operation"; first loaf-at-a-time bread-slicing machine with multiple cutting bands; 1928 -  Chillicothe Baking Company (Chillicothe, MO) installed first machine; July 7, 1928 - first sliced bread produced ("Kleen Maid Sliced Bread"); 1929 - Rohwedder sold invention to Bettendorf (Iowa) Company (acquired by Micro-Westco., Inc. of Davenport); served as vice-president, sales manager of company for many years.

1933 - Harry and Pat Olivieri made first version of Philadelphia cheese steak in their corner hot dog stand nera the Italian market in South Philadelphia (Pat's King of Steaks); piled sliced, grilled beef with onions on rolls; decades later - Cheez Whiz added to steak and onions; provalone, American cheese, pizza sauce became options.

November 13, 1933 - First sit-down strike in American history held by workers at packing plant of George A. Hormel and Company in Austin, MN.

1934 - Norton Simon started Val Vita Food Products; built business from annual sales of $45,000 to $9 million company in less than a decade; became something of star in California canning business;  1943 - merged Val Vita Food Products, formed new company, Hunt Foods, headed company.

October 2, 1934 - Dale W. McMillen founded, incorporated Central Soya Company in Decatur, IN (livestock feeds and soybeans); June 1985 - acquired by Shamrock Holdings Inc. (privately owned by Roy E. Disney family); October 1987 - acquired by Ferruzzi Finanziaria SpA in Ravenna, Italy; October 2002 - acquired by Bunge Limited.

1935 - Nabisco launched Ritz Crackers in US; January 5, 1937 - National Biscuit Company registered "Ritz" cracker trademark: first used November 1, 1934 (bakery products-namely biscuit).

1936 - Joseph W. Luter, Sr. and his son, Joseph W. Luter, Jr., opened Smithfield Packing plant in Smithfield, VA; 1969 - acquired by Liberty Equities; 1981 - first major acquisition, Gwaltney of Smithfield, local rival and well-established pork products company; 1984 - acquired 80 percent of Patrick Cudahy for $27.5 million (100-year-old Wisconsin company that was losing money but famous for its sweet apple-wood smoked sausages, bacon and ham); 1995 - acquired John Morrell & Co., largest acquisition to date, allowed Smithfield Foods to expand throughout Midwestern United States; October 2003 - won Farmland Foods, sixth-largest U.S. pork processor, in court-supervised bankruptcy auction;  2006 - sales exceeded $11 billion, 24 percent average annual compounded rate of return to investors since 1975, world’s largest pork processor and hog producer, largest turkey producer in U. S., fifth-largest U.S. beef processor.

1937 - Margaret Rudkin, Connecticut woman who began baking preservative-free bread for her son who had allergy to commercial breads with preservatives, artificial ingredients; began small business out of her kitchen, sold "Pepperidge Farm" bread to local grocers; named for family's farm in Fairfield, CT; September 20, 1938 - registered "Pepperidge Farm" trademark first used September 1, 1937 (bread and cereal food products, particularly breakfast cereals, cracked wheat flour and corn meal); July 4, 1947 - opening of company's first modern bakery in Norwalk, CT; 1955 - launched Distinctive line of European-style cookies (reached agreement with Delacre Company in Brussels); 1961 - acquired by Campbell Soup Company.

1937 - Necco introduced Sky Bars; first molded chocolate bar with 4 distinctly different centers (caramel, vanilla, peanut or fudge); first advertised to public in sky-writing campaign.

March 25, 1937 - Quaker Oats paid Babe Ruth $25,000 per year for ads.

July 13, 1937 - Vernon Rudolph bought secret yeast-based doughnut recipe from French chef from New Orleans, rented building in Old Salem (Winston Salem), NC, began selling Krispy Kreme doughnuts to grocery stores; March 13, 1951 - Krispy Kreme Doughnut Corporation registered "Krispy Kreme" trademark first used August 1934 (doughnuts and the mix for making same).

1938 - Abram, Ira, Philip, Joseph Shorin established Topps Chewing Gum, Inc. in Brooklyn, NY; 1947 - incorporated, developed Bazooka bubble gum; named after humorous 1930's musical instrument made from two gas pipes and a funnel by Bob Burns; 1951 - baseball cards introduced; 1953 - Bazooka Joe comics introduced; January 27, 1959 - registered "Bazooka Joe" trademark first used in August 1954 (comic strip in sheet form); 1972 - went public; 1984 - acquired in leveraged buyout led by Forstmann Little & Company; 1987 - went public again; September 19, 2007 - shareholders approved sale of company for $385.4 million to Tornante Co. investment firm (Michael Eisner), Madison Dearborn Partners LLC.

1938 - Lawrence Frank and Walter Van de Kamp opened Lawry's The Prime Rib in Beverly Hills, restaurant with single entrée, prime rib; introduced Lawry's Seasoned Salt (blend of salt, spice, herbs); shakers disappeared from tables; introduced to marketplace in response to popular demand; Lawry's Seasoned Salt rapidly became best-selling bottled spice blend in world (annual sales $150 million); September 4, 1962 - Lawry's Foods, Inc. registered "Lawry's" trademark first used August 8, 1939 (Powdered Dip Mixes, Seasoned Salt, Salt Substitute, Sauce Mixes, Seasoning Mixes, Dressing Mixes for Salads, Garlic Spread Concentrate, Salad Dressings, All Purpose Dressings, Bleu Cheese Dressings); dominates market for branded seasoned salt products; August 2008 - acquired, with Adolph's Meat Tenderizer, by McCormick for $605 million (forced by FTC to spin off Season-All line, with $18 million in sales, to Morton International Inc. for $15 million).

1939 - Nathan Cummings (43) acquired C.D. Kenny Company, small wholesale distributor of sugar, coffee and tea in Baltimore (net sales of $24 million); 1942 - acquired Sprague, Warner & Company; changed name to Sprague Warner-Kenny Corporation; 1954 - company's name changed to Consolidated Foods Corporation to emphasize its diversified role in food processing, packaging and distribution; 1956 - acquired Kitchens of Sara Lee (originally called Community Bake Shops, named for Sara Lee Lubin, daughter of entrepreneur Charles Lubin), entered retail food business by acquiring 34 Piggly Wiggly supermarkets; 1985 - changed name to Sara Lee Corporation to reflect the consumer marketing orientation of the company and the high-quality, well-known branded products marketed around the world.

September 24, 1940 - French Sardine Company of California registered "Star-Kist" trademark first used April 30, 1940 (canned fish-namely canned tuna).

1941 - General Mills introduced Cheerioats as first read-to-eat oat cereal; 1942 - introduced Cheeri O'Leary, cereal's first mascot; 1945 - name changed to Cheerios in response to competitor lawsuit over use of "oats"; June 5, 1945 - registered "Cheerios" trademark first used on January 9, 1945 (read-to-eat cereal); 1954 - number one selling cold cereal at General Mills.

December 1, 1942 - Joseph A. Numero and Frederick M. Jones, of Minneapolis, MN, received a patent for an "Air Conditioner for Vehicles" ("air conditioners for compartments of vehicle carriers...to provide...a means of conditioning the air within the compartment of sdaid carrier tempering, humidifying and circulating the air therein, which means shall be conveniently attachable to and removable from such carrier and which shall automatically effect the desired air conditioning within he compartment of the carrier"); first reliable system for refrigerating trucks; assigned to U. S. Thermo Control Company; became springboard for launching Thermo King Corporation.

1943 - John Tyson purchased first company-owned broiler farm, located in Springdale, AR; 1947 - incorporated Tyson Feed and Hatchery; provided three services: sale of baby chicks, sale of feed, transportation of chickens to market; 1950 - processed about 96,000 broilers a week; 1963 - changed name to Tyson's Foods; 1971 - name changed to Tyson Foods, Inc.; end of 1970s - produced 4.5 million birds per week (234 million per year), nation's largest hog producer; 1989 - after a two-year struggle, acquired Holly Farms - doubled size of Tyson Foods, about 48,000 people employed, sales more than $2.5 billion.

January 18, 1943 - Wartime ban on sale of pre-sliced bread in U.S. went into effect; aimed at reducing  bakeries' demand for metal replacement parts.

1945 - Maxson Food Systems, Inc., introduced "Strato-Plates" (18 different individual three-part frozen meals on  tray) for military, civilian airplane passengers; 1947 - left business after war, death of founder.

1945 - Robert E. Rich, Sr. discovered that soy beans could be frozen, thawed and whipped; immediately hailed as "the miracle cream from the soy bean," revolutionized food processing, opened new world of non-dairy products to the growing frozen food industry; founded Rich Products Corporation; became nation’s largest ($1.7 billion in sales) family-owned frozen foods manufacturer.

1945 - Phillip Sollomi opened "The Wishbone" restaurant in Kansas City, MO; 1948 - created "The Kansas City Wishbone Famous Italian Style Dressing". (based on his mother's Sicilian recipe; 1957 - acquired by Lipton.

May 22, 1946 - Frances Roth, Katharine Angell opened New Haven Restaurant Institute as vocational training school for World War II veterans; storefront cooking school with enrollment of 50 students, faculty consisting of a chef, a baker, a dietitian; offered 16-week program, featured instruction in 78 popular menus of the day; 1951 - name changed to The Culinary Institute of America; educational program expanded to two years, continuing education courses for industry professionals introduced; 1965 - 400 students enrolled, operated a $2 million facility; 1970 - acquired five-story, 150-room building, on 80 acres of land overlooking Hudson River in Hyde Park, NY for $1 million; 1972 - new school opened; 1981 - only school authorized to administer American Culinary Federation's (A.C.F.) master chef certification exam; 2006 - physical assets valued at $101 million, annual budget in excess of $86 million; more than 2,400 students enrolled in degree programs, more than 130 chef-instructors. and other faculty members representing 16 countries employed.

1948 - Lloyd E. Rigler and Lawrence E. Deutsch, partners in Rigler & Deutsch Food Brokers, bought recipe, name Adolph's Meat Tenderizer from Adolph Remp, Santa Barbara restaurant owner; 1950 - formed Adolph's Ltd.; February 26, 1974 - registered "Adolph's" trademark first used June 4, 1949 (meat tenderizer in solid form, consisting of salt, spices, dextrose, tri-calcium phosphate and vegetable enzyme made from the tropical papaya melon); 1974 - acquired by Chesebrough-Ponds (later part of Lever Brothers, Unilever Best Foods; 2007 - acquired, with Lawry's seasonings, by McCormick for $605 million.

1948 - Momofuku Ando founded small family-run company producing salt; 1958 - changed name to Nissin Food Products Co., Ltd.; August 25, 1958 - perfected flash-frying method, invented instant noodle (chicken-both noodles in cellophane bags) market; September 18, 1971 - developed "Cup Noodle", world's first cup-type instant noodle product; 1964 - founded Instant Food Industry Association which set guidelines for fair competition, product quality, introduced several industry standards (inclusion of production dates on packaging). 2006 - company sold 46.3 billion packs and cups , generated $131 million in profits.

March 9, 1948 - Gordon L. Harwell, Forrest E. Mars, of Converted Rice, Inc., registered "Uncle Ben's" trademark first used in 1937 (rice for food); named for Texas rice grower; January 19, 1954 - Converted Rice, Inc. (Houston, TX) registered "Uncle Ben's Converted" trademark first used on January 24, 1947 (rice); trademark consisted in part of picture of Frank C. Brown, of Chicago, IL, who consented to use of his picture.

July 10, 1948 - Aaron "Bunny" Lapin, St. Louis, MO, put whipped cream in a spray can, called it "Reddi Wip"; turned dessert topping into symbol of postwar America's drive for convenience; July 1, 1952 - Reddi-Wip, Inc. registered "Reddi-Wip" trademark first used March 15, 1948 (cream containing vanilla, sugar, and stabilizer and in which cream whipping gas is dissolved under pressure, for use as a food topping); 1954 - national distribution; March 15, 1955 - received a patent for "Dispensing Valves for Gas Pressure Containers"; assigned to Reddi-Wip Corporation; established Clayton Corp. to make valves for cans; 1963 - lost control of company, post as president; 1998 - Time magazine listed Reddi-wip as one of the century's 100 great things for consumers (along with the pop-top can and Spam); now a brand of Con Agra's Beatrice Foods.

October 11, 1949 - C.A. Swanson & Sons registered "Swanson" trademark first used in 1928.

May 23, 1950 - Frederick M. Jones, of Minneapolis, MN, received a patent for a "System for Controlling the Operation of Refrigeration Units" ("the circulation of refrigerant medium and air are simultaneously stopped at periodic intervals and definite steps are taken to improve the removal and disposal of accumulated frost or ice during the defrosting operation").

1952 - Kellogg developed "Tony the Tiger" and three other characters as part of a contest for packages of Kellogg’s Sugar Frosted Flakes of Corn; proved to be most popular with consumers, all of other characters were removed from the packaging; 1953 - Kellogg’s advertising agency developed first four-color ad with Tony the Tiger, published in August issue of Life Magazine; April 4, 1961 - Kellogg registered "Tony" trademark first used October 25, 1957 (Ready-to-Eat Cereal Foods).

January 22, 1952 - Columbia River Packers Association, Inc., Astoria, OR, registered "Bumble Bee" trademark first used 1896 (canned, fresh and fresh frozen fish).

1953 - José Batista Sobrinho began operations at small slaughtering plant, in Anápolis (state of Goiás), Brazil, with 5 head/ day capacity; 1968 - acquired first slaughtering plant in Planaltina (Distrito Federal); 1970 - slaughtering capacity increased to 500 head of cattle per day; 1981-2002- operations expanded, acquired slaughtering plants, fresh and processed beef production plants; slaughtering capacity reached 5.8 thousand head/day; 2005 - Grupo Friboi restructured, formed JBS S.A.; acquired Swift Armour S.A., Argentina’s largest beef producer, exporter; 2006 - slaughtering capacity grew to 22.6 thousand head/day at total of 21 plants in Brazil, Argentina; April 2007 - went public; 2008 - acquired National Beef, Smithfield Beef, Australian company Tasman; world’s largest beef producer (slaughtering capacity of 51.4 thousand head/day (not including National Beef, Smithfield Beef , Tasman group); largest beef exporter in world (operations in 22 countries).

September 26, 1953 - Sugar rationing in Great Britain  ended after almost 14 years.

1954 - Harry Brownstein established Acme Smoked Fish Corporation (name chosen to appear first in phone book) in Brooklyn, NY;  became largest producer, distributor of smoked fish in U. S.; under fourth-generation management.

June 15, 1954 - American Chicle Company (Long Island City, NY) registered "Trident" trademark first used August 26, 1953 (chewing Gum and candy lozenges); 1962 - Trident Original launched as first nationally distributed sugar-free product, first product promoted not to cause tooth decay.

July 13, 1954 - Edwin Traisman, of Des Plaines, IL (leader of Kraft Foods processed-cheese group), and Wallce Kurtzhalts, of Wheeling, IL, received a patent for a "Process of Making Grated Cheese" ("method of making grated cheese of the high-fat type wherein all of the constituents are comminuted cheese particles, the finished grated cheese being resistant to caking or agglomeration under ordinary atmospheric conditions"); assigned to Kraft Foods Company.

1955 - Hawaii set pineapple production record at 1.5 million tons.

1955 - Procter & Gamble entered peanut butter business; acquired W.T. Young Foods (Lexington, KY), makers of Big Top Peanut Butter; 1956 - introduced Jif Peanut Butter; March 26, 1957 - registered "Jif" trademark first used January 24, 1956 (salted shelled nuts, candies nuts, and nut [butters] spreads); June 1, 2002 - acquired (with Crisco brand) by J.M Smucker Company for $1 billion.

March 17, 1956 - James and William Conway founded Mr. Softee ice cream company; put a Sweden Freezer machine into a truck and drove it through Philadelphia, gave away green ice cream; went into business, at first as the Dairy Van; currently among the largest franchisers of ice cream trucks in the country, with more than 600 trucks in 15 states.

1957 - Burger King Corporation introduced the WHOPPER at first Burger King restaurant in Miami; nine special ingredients (sesame seed crown, beef patty, pickles, ketchup, onions, tomatoes, lettuce, mayo and bun heel) and three optional ingredients (cheese, bacon and mustard); erected sign proclaiming the restaurant "HOME OF THE WHOPPER(R)"; January 5, 1965 - Burger King of Florida, Inc. registered "Home of the Whopper" trademark first used January 12, 1958 (drive-in restaurant services); mid-1970s - introduced "HAVE IT YOUR WAY" advertising tagline.

1957 - Francois Boursin, cheesemaker in Normandy, France, created Boursin cheese; first variety, Boursin Garlic & Fine Herbs, inspired by long-standing traditional dish: fromage frais (fresh cheese) served with bowl of fine herbs (allowed each person to create his or her own personally seasoned cheese); first flavored fresh cheese sold throughout France; 1989 - acquired by Unilever.

1957 - Vincent DeDomenico, President of Golden Grain Macaroni Corporation (San Leandro, CA), introduced Rice-A-Roni 'kitchen helper', version of chicken broth (dried soup) mixed with rice and vermicelli; August 25, 1959 - Golden Grain Macaroni Corporation registered "Rice-A-Roni" trademark first used December 11, 1957 (prepared packaged ric and vermicelli dinner); 1986 - acquired by Quaker Oats for $250 million.

February 12, 1957 - Frederick M. Jones, of Minneapolis, MN, received a patent for a "Method and Means of Preserving Perishable Foodstuffs in Transit" ("construction of transport vehicles such as trucks and railway cars and a mode for controlling atmospheric conditions therein to preserve the natural body and flavors of fresh produce").

June 24, 1958 - E. J. McAleer & Co., Inc., Philadelphia, PA, registered "Mrs. Paul's" trademark first used April 1, 1946 (frozen foods-namely fish).

August 4, 1958 - First potato-flake plant established in  U.S. at Grand Fork, ND.

July 22, 1960 - Cuba nationalized all U.S. owned sugar factories.

1959 - Reuben Mattus (45) created first national brand of premium ice cream (high butter-fat, all natural ingredients); manufactured at family's ice cream factory, Senator Frozen Products, in Bronx;  1961 - called new brand Danish-sounding Häagen-Dazs (appreciated Dane's treatment of Jews during WW II); conveyed aura of old-world traditions, craftsmanship; formed company of same name to distribute it; introduced three flavors - vanilla, coffee, chocolate packed in cartons with map of Scandinavia; September 4, 1962 - Rose Mattus registered Häagen-Dazs trademark first used October 24, 1960; 1976 - product took off; 1983 - acquired by The Pillsbury Company for more than $70 million.

February 23, 1960 - Frederick M. Jones, of Minneapolis, MN, received a patent for a "Thermostat and Temperature Control System" ("concerned with vehicles in which perishable products are transported and must be maintained at desirable temperatures throughout the extent of the journey by mechanical means capable of maintaining a substantially constant temperature, by either cooling or heating the space n which the products are stores"); assigned to Thermo King Corporation.

June 20, 1961 - Continental Baking Company, Rye, NY, registered "Twinkies" trademark first used June 25, 1930 (cake).

September 1961 - Frito Company merged with H. W. Lay & Company to form Frito-Lay, Inc., largest snack selling company in United States; June 8, 1965 - shareholders approved merger of Frito-Lay, Pepsi-Cola Company, new company called PepsiCo, Inc.; formed (Frito-Lay owned 46 manufacturing plants nationwide, more than 150 distribution centers across the United States); September 9, 1969 - FRITO-LAY, Inc. registered "FRITO LAY'S" trademark first used November 1967 (potato chips).

August 21, 1962 - Edwin Traisman, of Madison, WI (McDonald's franchisee), received a patent for a "Method for Preparing Frozen French Fried Potatoes" ("a frozen French fried potato which can, on short notice, be quickly converted into a high quality hot French fried potato with a minimum of effort...which will compare favorably in body, flavor and eating quality to a freshly prepared French fried potato...which can be stored indefinitely to be available in quantity for quick use when wanted"); eliminated problem of soggy, non-uniform fries; 1972 - adopted system-wide by McDonald's.

1964 - Louis Flores Ruiz and son, Fred, founded Ruiz Foods in warehouse in Tulare, CA; cooked his mother's Mexican food recipes in morning, sold enchiladas to local businesses in afternoon; largest Latino-owned manufacturing company in California (2005 revenue of $326 million); sells about 200 products, 'El Monterey" accounts for 4.30 of every dollar spent on frozen Mexican food.

May 16, 1965 - Spaghetti-O's first sold; variously-sized rings of cooked pasta in a sweet tomato and cheese sauce, sold in cans.

June 22, 1965 - Kellogg Company registered "Pop-Tarts", trademark first used July 14, 1964 (fruit preserve filled pastry bakery product).

July 13, 1965 - MIitsubishi Shojikaisha, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, registered "Three Diamonds" trademark (frozen fish, shrimp, crab, and other shellfish).

October 1965 - Pillsbury debuted 14-ounce, 8 3/4-inch Poppin' Fresh Doughboy character in a Crescent Roll commercial; actor Paul Frees performed original voice of the Doughboy ( (voice of Boris Badenov in "The Adventures of Bullwinkle and Rocky"); conceived by Rudy Perz, copywriter at Leo Burnett advertising agency; August 4, 1970 - Pillsbury registered "Poppin' Fresh" trademark first used June 1966 (dolls); 1972 - named "Toy of the Year" by Playthings Magazine.

1968 - McDonald's introduced The Big Mac systemwide; created by Jim Delligatti, Pittsburgh-area McDonald’s franchisee (one of Ray Kroc's earliest franchisees); added lettuce, cheese, pickles, onions, and most important, the "special sauce," to create one of world’s best-known hamburgers in Uniontown, PA.

1968 - Hunt-Wesson Foods, Canada Dry Corporation, McCall Corporation consolidated, formed Norton Simon, Inc., $1 billion corporation; 1979 - Hunt-Wesson sales topped $1 billion; 1983 - Norton-Simon Inc. acquired by Chicago-based Esmark, Inc.; 1984 - Esmark acquired by Beatrice Companies, Inc.; 1985 - Beatrice went private in leveraged buyout by Kohlberg, Kravis, and Roberts (KKR); renamed BCI Holding Company.

October 18, 1969 - Federal government banned artificial sweeteners known as cyclamates because of evidence they cause cancer in laboratory rats; 1937 - non-caloric sweetener discovered; widely used as tabletop sweetener, in sugar-free beverages, in baked goods, other low-calorie foods, particularly in combination with saccharin; June 1985 - National Academy of Sciences affirmed the FDA's Cancer Assessment Committee's latest conclusion: "the totality of the evidence from studies in animals does not indicate that cyclamate or its major metabolite cyclohexylamine is carcinogenic by itself"; approved for use in more than 50 countries.

August 4, 1970 - Cumberland Packing Corp. registered "Sweet'n Low" trademark first used June 1958; December 17, 1974 - Cumberland Packing Corp. registered 1,000,000th trademark, G clef and staff design used on "Sweet'n Low".

1972 - Ruth M. Siems, home economist on staff of General Foods, invented Stove Top stuffing (now owned by Kraft Foods); made stuffing without a turkey possible; about 60 million boxes sold at Thanksgiving; July 23, 1974 - General Foods registered "Stove Top" trademark (stuffing mix); March 11, 1975 - received a patent for an "Instant Stuffing Mix" ("prepared from dried yeast-leavened corn bread crumb or a mixture of dried yeast-leavened white bread crumb and a member selected from the group consisting of dried yeast-leavened whole wheat bread crumb, corn bread crumb and mixtures thereof"); assigned to General Foods Corporation.

March 7, 1972 - Star-Kist Foods, Inc. registered "Charlie the Tuna" trademark first used November 1970 (canned fish).

October 22, 1976 - US Food and Drug Administration banned red dye #4 after discovery that it causes tumors in the bladders of dogs; still used in Canada.

August 1977 - Debbi Fields, a young mother with no business experience, opened first cookie store in Palo Alto, CA; 1990 - began to sell franchises; 2007 - nearly 390 location in U.S., over 80 locations internationally.

May 5, 1978 - With a $12,000 investment ($4,000 of it borrowed), Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield opened Ben & Jerry’s Homemade ice cream scoop shop in a renovated gas station in downtown Burlington, VT; 1980 - begin packing ice cream in pints to distribute to grocery and Mom & Pop stores along restaurant delivery routes Ben services out of the back of his old VW Squareback wagon; 1981 - first Ben & Jerry’s franchise opened in Shelburne, VT; 1984 - Haagen-Dazs tried to limit distribution of Ben & Jerry’s in Boston, prompted Ben & Jerry's to file suit against parent company, Pillsbury, in famous "What’s the Doughboy Afraid Of?" campaign; sales exceeded $4 million; 1987 - Haagen-Dazs again tried to enforce exclusive distribution, Ben & Jerry’s filed second lawsuit against the Pillsbury Company; sales just under $32 million; 1988 - more than 80 Ben & Jerry’s ice cream scoop shops open in 18 states; 1991 - introduced Low Fat Frozen Yogurt; 1996 - introduced Sorbets; September 1999 - Harris Interactive poll of the public’s perceptions of corporate reputability Ben & Jerry’s ranked #5 in 'Reputation Quotient' (responsibility, emotional appeal, innovation) out of top 30 Most Reputable US companies, earned #1 ranking in "Social Responsibility" category; net sales of $237,043,000; April 12, 2000 - acquired by Unilever for $326 million.

April 21, 1981 - Swift & Company registered "Butterball" trademark first used in 1962 (Poultry and Poultry Parts Including Frozen Dressed Whole Turkey, Stuffed Turkey, and Frozen Turkey Breast).

1985 - Philip Morris acquired General Foods for $5.7 billion; became largest U.S. consumer products company; R. J. Reynolds acquired Nabisco Brands for $4.9 billion; name changed to RJR Nabisco.

July 29, 1987 - Ben and Jerry's, Jerry Garcia agreed on  new flavor, Cherry Garcia.

October 10, 1988 - CEO F. Ross Johnson offered $75 per share for a leveraged buyout of RJR/Nabisco (stock at $56 per share); November 30 - Special Committee recommended acceptance of $109 per share buyout ($25.07 billion) by Kohlberg, Kravis, Roberts & Co. to board of directors.

October 30, 1988 - Philip Morris paid $13.1 billion for Kraft foods; became world's single biggest producer of consumer goods.

February 21, 1989 - The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Simplesse, low-calorie substitute for fat; February 28, 1989 - Nutrasweet Company registered "Simplesse" trademark first used January 20, 1988 (fat substitute).

March 27, 1990 - Harold Osrow, Zvi Bleier received a patent for a "Portable Ice Cream Machine"; assigned to NEC Corporation.

April 5, 1990 - Paul Newman won court victory over Julius Gold to keep giving all profits from Newman foods to charity.

August 1990 - ConAgra Inc. completed $1.34 billion acquisition of BCI Holding Company (Beatrice Company).

1991 - Hawaii set record for highest sales of pineapples, $107.8 million

August 21, 1997 - Hudson Foods Co. closed plant in Nebraska, agreed to destroy some 25 million pounds of hamburger after largest meat recall in U.S. history.

October 31, 2003 - The U.S. Food and Drug administration released summary of draft report concluding that cloned farm animals and their offspring posed little scientific risk to food supply.

May 2005 - Jelly Belly Candy Company's factory tour in Fairfield, CA named "Best of America" by editors of Reader's Digest magazine; tours first offered in 1986 at  request of local groups; more than 400,000 people tour  facility annually.

February 3, 2006 - Fresh Del Monte Produce Inc. announced it would cease pineapple operation in two years, no longer economically feasible to grow pineapple in Hawaii because it can be produced for less elsewhere (increased planting of pineapple at lower costs in other parts of the world, "...cheaper for Del Monte to buy pineapples on the open market than for the company to grow, market and distribute Hawaiian pineapple"); 1916 - Del Monte, called California Packing Corp., began pineapple operations in Hawaii; two remaining pineapple companies in Hawaii - Dole Food Hawaii, Maui Pineapple Co.; 2005 - Hawaii produced 212,000 tons of pineapples worth estimated $79 million (source: USDA); top pineapple producers - Thailand, Philippines, Brazil, China, India, Costa Rica (source: USDA).

(American Crystal Sugar Company), Terry L. Shoptaugh (1997). Roots of Success: History of the Red River Valley Sugarbeet Growers. (Fargo, ND: Institute for Regional Studies, North Dakota State University, 271 p.). American Crystal Sugar Company--History; Sugar beet industry--Red River Valley (Minn. and N.D.-Man.)--History.

(American Sugar Refining Co.), Daniel Catlin, Jr. (1988). Good Work Well Done: The Sugar Business Career of Horace Havemeyer, 1903-1956. (New York, NY: D. Catlin [privately printed], 448 p.). Havemeyer, Horace, 1886-1956; Businesspeople--United States--Biography; Sugar trade--United States--History.

(Archer Daniels Midland), E. J. Kahn, Jr. (1991). Supermarketer to the World: The Story of Dwayne Andreas, CEO of Archer Daniels Midland. (New York, NY: Warner Books, 320 p.). Andreas, Dwayne, 1918- ;Archer Daniels Midland Company; Businessmen -- United States -- Biography; Soybean industry -- United States; Food industry and trade -- United States.

(Bay State Milling Company), Tara A. Blanc (1999). Sifting Through the Years: A history of Bay State Milling Company. (Phoenix, AZ: Heritage Publishers, 97 p.;). Bay State Milling Company; Mills and mill-work.

(BC Sugar), John Schreiner (1989). The Refiners: A Century of BC Sugar. (Vancouver, BC: Douglas & McIntyre, 288 p.). British Columbia Sugar Refining Company -- History; Sugar -- Manufacture and refining -- British Columbia -- History.

(Beatrice), Miriam C. Larsen; foreword by William G. Karnes (1977). The Midas Touch. (Denton, TX: L. Ahn's, 182 p.). Beatrice Foods Company--History.

(Beatrice), Neil R. Gazel (1990). Beatrice: From Buildup Through Breakup. (Urbana, IL: Bureau of Economic and Business Research by the University of Illinois Press, 235 p.). Beatrice Foods Company--History; Food industry and trade--United States--History; Consolidation and merger of corporations--United States--Case studies.

(Beatrice), Reginald F. Lewis and Blair S. Walker (1995). Why Should White Guys Have All the Fun?: How Reginald Lewis Created a Billion-Dollar Business Empire. (New York, NY: Wiley, 318 p.). Lewis, Reginald F., 1942-1993; African American businesspeople--Biography; Millionaires--United States--Biography; TLC Beatrice International Holdings.

(Ben & Jerry's), Fred "Chico" Lager (1994). Ben & Jerry's, The Inside Scoop: How Two Real Guys Built a Business with Social Conscience and a Sense of Humor. (New York, NY: Crown, 242 p.). Cohen, Ben (Ben R.); Greenfield, Jerry; Ben & Jerry's (Firm)--History; Businesspeople--Vermont--Biography; Ice cream industry--Vermont; Social responsibility of business--Vermont.

(Ben & Jerry's), Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield, with Meredith Maran (1997). Ben & Jerry's Double-Dip: Lead with Your Values and Make Money, Too. (New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 300 p.). Cohen, Ben (Ben R.); Greenfield, Jerry; Ben & Jerry's (Firm)--History; Businesspeople--United States--Biography; Ice cream industry--United States; Social responsibility of business--United States.

(Ben & Jerry's), Ben Cohen, Mal Warwick (2006). Values-Driven Business: How To Change the World, Make Money, and Have Fun. (San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 156 p.). Cofounder of Ben & Jerry’s; Founded, run four successful businesses, Chair of the Social Venture Network Advisory Board. Social responsibility of business; Industrial management--Social aspects. Socially responsible business practices for small, medium-size companies; how "triple bottom line" practices (profits, people, planet) have helped companies throughout North America thrive.

(C. Brewer & Company Limited), Josephine Sullivan (1926). A History of C. Brewer & Company, Limited; One Hundred Years in the Hawaiian Islands, 1826-1926. (Boston, MA: Designed and printed by Walton Advertising & Printing Company, 193 p.). Brewer, C., & Company, Limited.

(Brooke Bond Oxo Ltd.), Penny Vincenzi (1985). Taking Stock: Over 75 Years of the Oxo Cube: Issued by Brooke Bond Oxo Ltd To Commemorate the Diamond Jubilee of the Oxo Cube. (London, UK: Collins, 127 p.). Oxo cubes -- Social aspects; Great Britain -- Social life and customs -- 20th century; Great Britain Oxo cubes Social aspects 1910-1985.

(Buitoni Industrie Perugina), Bruno Buitoni; intervista di Giampaolo Gallo; postfazione di Giulio Sapelli (1992). Pasta e Cioccolato: Una Storia Imprenditoriale. (Perugia, Italy: Protagon, 509 p.). Buitoni, Bruno, 1924- ; Industrie Buitoni Perugina--History; Businesspeople--Italy--Biography; Pasta industry--Italy--History; Chocolate industry--Italy--History; Candy industry--Italy--History; Food industry and trade--Italy--History.

(Buitoni Industrie Perugina), a cura di Gianpaolo Ceserani, Renato Covino ; testi di Gianpaolo Ceserani ... [et al.] (1997). Perugina: Una Storia d'Azienda, Ingegno e Passione. (Cinisello Balsamo (Milano), Italy: Silvana ; [s.l.] : Nestlé, 173 p.). Industrie Buitoni Perugina--History; Candy industry--Italy--History; Advertising--Confectionary--Italy--History.

(Cadbury Ltd.), Iolo A. Williams (1931). The Firm of Cadbury, 1831-1931. (London, UK: Constable and Co. Ltd., 295 p.). Cadbury family; Cadbury Brothers, Bournville, England.

(Cadbury Ltd.), Chris Smith, John Child, Michael Rowlinson (1990). Reshaping Work, the Cadbury Experience. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 394 p.). Cadbury Ltd.--History; Food industry and trade--Great Britain--History--20th century; Beverage industry--Great Britain--History--20th century; Chocolate industry--Great Britain--History--20th century.

(Cadbury Ltd.), Carl Chinn (1998). The Cadbury Story A Short History. (Studley, UK: Brewin Books, 116 p.). Cadbury Ltd.--History; Food industry and trade--Great Britain--History--20th century; Beverage industry--Great Britain--History--20th century; Chocolate industry--Great Britain--History--20th century; Candy industry--Great Britain--History--20th century.

(Cadbury Ltd.), Lowell J. Satre (2005). Chocolate on Trial: Slavery, Politics, and the Ethics of Business. (Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 352 p.). Professor of History Emeritus (Youngstown State University). Cadbury Ltd.--History; Chocolate industry--Great Britain--History; Slave trade--Portugal--Colonies--History; Slave labor--Africa, West--History; Business ethics--Great Britain--History; Business and politics--Great Britain--History. 

(Cadbury Ltd.), John Bradley (2008). Cadbury’s Purple Reign: The Story Behind Chocolate’s Best-Loved Brand. (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 342 p.). 24-Year Veteran of Cadbury (Brand Management, Market Research, Sales, Cadbury World). Cadbury Ltd --History; Confectioners --Great Britain --History; Chocolate industry --Great Britain --History; Brand name products --Great Britain --History. Story of bold initiatives, endurance, adaptation - focus on quality,  innovative marketing, selling approaches; navigating through competitive initiatives, retail changes, media revolutions.

(California Associated Raisin Company), Victoria Saker Woeste (1998). The Farmer’s Benevolent Trust: Law and Agricultural Cooperation in Industrial America, 1865-1945. (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 369 p.). California Associated Raisin Company; Agriculture, Cooperative--Law and legislation--United States--History; Raisin industry--Law and legislation--California--History.

(California and Hawaiian Sugar Refining Corporation), Boris Emmet (1970). The California and Hawaiian Sugar Refining Corporation of San Francisco, California; A Study of the Origin, Business Policies, and Management of a Co-Operative Refining and Distributing Organization. (New York, NY: AMS Press, 293 p. [orig. pub. 1928]). California and Hawaiian Sugar Company.

(Campbell Soup), Historical text by Douglas Collins; foreword by Nathalie Dupree (1994). America's Favorite Food: The Story of Campbell Soup Company. (New York, NY: H. N. Abrams, 216 p.). Campbell Soup Company--History; Soup industry--United States--History; Food industry and trade--United States--History; Conglomerate corporations--United States--History.

(Cargill), John L. Work (1965). Cargill Beginnings; An Account of Early Years. (Minneapolis, MN: Cargill, 154 p.). Cargill family; McMillan family; Cargill, Inc. -- History; Grain elevators -- Middle West; Grain trade -- Middle West.

(Cargill), Brewster Kneen (1990). Trading Up: How Cargill, the World's Largest Grain Trading Company, Is Changing Canadian Agriculture. (Toronto, ON: NC Press, 136 p.). Cargill, Inc.; Grain trade--Canada.

(Cargill), Wayne G. Broehl, Jr. (1992). Cargill: Trading the World's Grain. (Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1007 p.). Professor (Dartmouth College). Cargill, Inc.; Grain trade--United States; Grain trade.

(Cargill), Wayne G. Broehl, Jr. (1998). Cargill: Going Global. (Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 419 p.). Professor (Dartmouth College). Cargill, Inc.; Grain trade--United States; Grain trade. "This book ... carried the history of the firm through the years 1960-1978".

(Cargill), W. Duncan MacMillan with Patricia C. Johnston and foreword and epilogue by John Steele Gordon (1998). MacMillan : The American Grain Family. (Afton, MN: Afton Historical Society Press, 336 p.). McMillan family; Cargill, Inc.--History; Grain trade--United States--History.

(Cargill), Brewster Kneen (2002). Invisible Giant: Cargill and Its Transnational Strategies. (Sterling, VA: Pluto Press, 232 p. [2nd ed.]). Canada's Foremost Analyst and Critic of Agribusiness. Cargill, Inc.--History; Grain trade--United States--History; Agricultural industries--United States--History; Food industry and trade--United States--History; International business enterprises--United States--History; Grain trade--History; Agricultural industries--History; Food industry and trade--History.

(Cargill), Wayne G. Broehl Jr. (2008). Cargill: From Commodities to Customers. (Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 368 p.). Benjamin Ames Kimball Professor of the Science of Administration Emeritus, Amos Tuck School of Business Administration (Dartmouth College). Cargill, Inc.--History; Grain trade--United States--History;. Final volume of history of Cargill (Cargill: Trading the World's Grain - 1992; Cargill: Going Global - 1998). 1977 - Whitney MacMillan as head of company, addressed  corporate governance, business restructuring, generational transitions within owning families; led company through great growth, diversification, globalization; changes under two non-family CEOs (Ernest Micek, Warren Staley);  transformation of company from commodity-oriented to  customer-focused.

(Carr & Co.), Margaret Foster (1997). Rich Desserts and Captain's Thin: A Family and Their Times, 1831-1931. (London, UK: Chatto & Windus, 284 p.). Carr, Jonathan Dodgson, 1806-1884; Carr family; Carr & Co.--History; Businesspeople--England--Carlisle--History; Biscuit industry--England--Carlisle--History; Cookie industry--England--Carlisle--History.

(Castle & Cooke), Frank J. Taylor, Earl M. Welty, and David W. Eyre. (1976). From Land and Sea: The Story of Castle & Cooke of Hawaii. (San Francisco, CA: Chronicle Books, 288 p.). Castle and Cooke, ltd. -- History; Hawaii -- Industries -- History; Hawaii -- History.

(Caviar), Inga Saffron (2002). Caviar: The Strange History and Uncertain Future of the World's Most Coveted Delicacy. (New York, NY: Broadway Books, 270 p.). Architecture Critic , Former Moscow Correspondent from 1994-1998 (Philadelphia Inquirer). Caviar. 

(Caviar), Richard Adams Carey (2005). The Philosopher Fish: Sturgeon, Caviar, and the Geography of Desire. (New York, NY: Conterpoint, 333 p.). Ecojournalist. Sturgeons--History; Caviar--History. 

(Cell Tech), Linda Grover (1993). August Celebration: A Molecule of Hope for a Changing World. (Carson City, NV: Gilbert, Hoover & Clarke, 168 p.). Cell Tech (Firm); Food industry and trade--United States; Algae as food.

(Chocolate), Marcia and Frederic Morton (1986). Chocolate, An Illustrated History. (New York, NY: Crown Publishers, 170 p.). Chocolate--History; Chocolate candy--History; Chocolate industry--History.

(Chocolate), William Gervase Clarence-Smith (2000). Cocoa and Chocolate, 1765-1914. (New York, NY: Routledge, 319 p.). Cocoa trade--History; Chocolate industry--History.

(Chun King), Jeno Paulucci with Les Rich (1969). How It Was To Make $100,000,000 in a Hurry; The Tale of Jeno and the Bean Sprout. (New York, NY: Grosset & Dunlap, 242 p.). Paulucci, Jeno F. (Jeno Francesco), 1918-; Chun King Corporation; Frozen foods industry--United States--History.

(Clif Bar Inc.), Gary Erickson with Lois Lorentzen (2004). Raising the Bar: Integrity and Passion in Life and Business, The Story of Clif Bar, Inc. (San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 352 p.). Clif Bar Inc.; Snack food industry--United States.

(Cod), Harold A. Innis (1978). The Cod Fisheries: The History of an International Economy. (Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press, 522 . [rev. ed.]). Cod fisheries--History; Cod fisheries--Economic aspects--History; Fish trade--History; International economic relations.

(Cod), Mark Kurlansky (1997). Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World. (New York, NY: Walker and Co., 294 p.). Cod fisheries--History; Cookery (Codfish).

(Colonial Ice Cream), Thomas S. Anderson and Ann W. Davis (2002). The Inside Scoop: Colonial Ice Cream: A Look at the First 100 Years. (Aurora, IL: Beta Graphics Corp., 112 p.). Colonial Ice Cream; Ice cream parlors--Illinois--Saint Charles; Ice cream industry--Illinois--Saint Charles.

(Columbia Conserve Company), William P. Hapgood; with new introd. by Louis Filler (1975). The Columbia Conserve Company: an Experiment in Workers' Management and Ownership. (Philadelphia, PA: Porcupine Press, 187 p.). Columbia Conserve Company; Management -- Employee participation -- Indiana -- Indianapolis -- Case studies.

(Consolidated Foods), Janice Petterchak; foreword, Maxwell Cummings; introduction, Beatrice Cummings Mayer (2000). To Share: The Heritage, Legend, and Legacy of Nathan Cummings. (Rochester, IL: Legacy Press, 165 p.). Cummings, Nathan, d. 1985; Consolidated foods Corporation--History; Sara Lee Corporation--History; Jewish businesspeople--United States--Biography; Art--Collectors and collecting--United States--Biography; Food industry and trade--United States--History; Frozen desserts industry--United States--History.

(Corn), Arturo Warman; Translated by Nancy L. Westrate (2003). Corn & Capitalism: How a Botanical Bastard Grew to Global Dominance. (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 270 p. [orig. pub. in Spanish in 1988]). Mexican Anthropologist. Corn--History.

(Crookes Brothers), Anthony Hocking (1992). Renishaw: The Story of Crookes Brothers. (Bethulie, Orange Free State, South Africa: Hollards, 320 p.). Crookes Brothers Limited--History; Sugar factories--South Africa--Natal--History; Sugar trade--South Africa--History.

(Cuba Cane Sugar Corporation), Muriel McAvoy (2003). Sugar Baron: Manuel Rionda and the Fortunes of Pre-Castro Cuba. (Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 337 p.). Professor Emerita (Fitchburg State College). Rionda y Polledo, Manuel; Sugar trade Cuba History 20th century; Businessmen Cuba Biography. 

(Culinary Institute), The Culinary Institute of America with Darra Goldstein (2007). Baking Boot Camp at the Culinary Institute of America. (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 288 p.). Independent, Not-for-Profit College Offering Bachelor's and Associate Degrees in Culinary Arts and Baking and Pastry Arts; Editor of Gastronomica: The Journal of Food and Culture. Culinary Institute of America; Baking. Two demanding Boot Camp courses, Baking and Pastry; intensity, rigor, camaraderie; tips, tricks of baking and pastry pros.

(Cumberland Packing Corporation), Rich Cohen (2006). Sweet and Low: A Family Story. (New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 288 p.). Disinherited Grandson of Ben Eisenstadt, inventor of sugar substitute Sweet'N Low in post-WWII Brooklyn. Eisenstadt family; Eisenstadt, Benjamin--Family; Cohen family; Cohen, Rich--Family; Cumberland Packing Corporation; Sweet ’N Low (Trademark); Businessmen--United States--Biography; Brooklyn (New York, N.Y.)--Biography. Implosion of the Sweet'N Low dynasty, 40-year battle over family fortune.

(Czarnikow Futures Ltd.), Hurford Janes and H.J. Sayers (1963). The Story of Czarnikow. (London, UK: Harley Pub. Co., 176 p.). Czarnikow, Julius Caesar, 1838-1909; Czarnikow Futures Ltd.--History; Businesspeople--Great Britain--Biography; Sugar trade--Great Britain--History. World's largest sugar broker.

(Patrick Cudahy Inc.), Patrick Cudahy (1912). Patrick Cudahy: His Life. (Milwaukee, WI: Burdick & Allen, 290 p.). Cudahy, Patrick; Patrick Cudahy Inc.

(Del Monte), William Braznell (1982). California's Finest: The History of the Del Monte Corporation and the Del Monte Brand. (San Francisco, CA: Del Monte Corp., 168 P.). Del Monte Corporation--History; Canned foods industry--United States--History.

(Del Monte), Compiled b y Robert R. Kehlor (1992). The History of Del Monte Pineapple in Hawaii. (Honolulu, HI: PPI Del Monte Fresh Produce, 154 p.). Del Monte Corporation--History; Pineapple industry--Hawaii--History.

(Del Monte), Beth and Richard Landis (2002). Making a Difference. (Reno, NV: Michael Sion, 369 p.). Former Chairman, Del Monte. Landis, Beth, 1923- ; Landis, Richard G. (Richard Gordon), 1920- ; Del Monte Corporation; Businessmen--California--Biography; California--Biography.

(Di Giorgio Fruit Corporation), Ernesto Galarza (1970). Spiders in the House and Workers in the Field. (South Bend, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 306 p.). Di Giorgio Fruit Corporation; Agricultural laborers -- California.

(Dundee Citrus Growers Association), W. Gordon Smith (1999). D Is for Diamonds: The 75th Anniversary of Dundee Citrus Growers Association. (Virginia Beach, VA: Donning Company, 80 p.). Dundee Citrus Growers Association--Anniversaries, etc.; Dundee Citrus Growers Association--History; Citrus fruit industry--Florida--Dundee Region--History.

(Esther Price Candies), Esther Price and Linda Otto Lipsett (1991). Chocolate Covered Cherries: Esther Price's Memoirs. (Dayton, OH: Halstead & Meadows Pub., 109 p.). Price, Esther, 1904- ; Candy industry--United States--History; Businesswomen--United States--Biography.

(Famous Amos), Wally Amos, with Leroy Robinson (1983). The Famous Amos Story: The Face That Launched a Thousand Chips. (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 201 p.). Founder, Famous Amos Chocolate Chip Cookie Corporation. Amos, Wally; Famous Amos Chocolate Chip Cookie Corporation; Businessmen -- United States -- Biography; Cookie industry -- United States; African American businesspeople -- Biography.

(Famous Amos), Wally Amos, with Camilla Denton (1994). Man With No Name: Turn Lemons into Lemonade. (Lower Lake, CA: Aslan Pub., 154 p.). Amos, Wally; Uncle Nonamé Cookie Company; Famous Amos Chocolate Chip Cookie Corporation; Businessmen -- United States -- Biography; African American businesspeople -- Biography; Cookie industry -- United States.

(Famous Amos), Wally Amos and Eden-Lee Murray (2001). The Cookie Never Crumbles. (New York, NY: St. Martin's Press, 202 p.). Amos, Wally; Famous Amos Chocolate Chip Cookie Corporation; Businessmen--United States--Biography; Cookie industry--United States.

(G.D. Searle), Joseph E. McCann (1990). Sweet Success: How NutraSweet Created a Billion Dollar Business. (Homewood, IL: Business One Irwin, 194 p.). Sweetener industry -- United States.

(Ganong Bros. Ltd.), David Folster (1991). The Chocolate Ganongs of St. Stephen, New Brunswick. (Fredericton, NB: Goose Lane Editions, 218 p.). Ganong family; Ganong Bros. Ltd. -- History; Candy industry -- New Brunswick -- St. Stephen -- History.

(Garvey Inc.), H. Craig Miner (1992). Garvey, Inc.: Expectations to Equity. (Wichita, KS: M. Page, 160 p.). Garvey, Ray Hugh; Garvey, Inc.; Capitalists and financiers--Kansas--Biography; Grain trade--Kansas--History.

(General Foods), Edmund S. Whitman, W. James Schmidt (1966). Plant Relocation: A Case History of a Move. (New York, NY: American Management Association, 158 p.). General Foods Corporation. Jell-O Division; Industrial location -- Case studies.

(General Foods Ltd.), John Foley (1972). The Food Makers A History of General Foods Ltd. (Banbury, UK: General Foods, 65 p.). General Foods Ltd.

(General Mills), William C. Edgar. (1925). The Medal of Gold, A Story of Industrial Achievement. (Minneapolis, MN: The Bellman company, 373 p.). Washburn, C. C. (Cadwallader Colden), 1818-1882; Washburn-Crosby Co.; Flour.

(General Mills), James Gray (1954). Business Without Boundary; the Story of General Mills. (Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 343 p.). General Mills, Inc.

(General Mills), Gladys Zehnpfennig with an introduction by Paul G. Hoffman (1964). Harry A. Bullis, Champion American: A Biography of a Business Leader Who Was a Champion of Human Rights. (Minneapolis, MN: T.S. Denison, 360 p.). Bullis, Harry A. (Harry Amos), 1890-1963; General Mills, inc.--History. Chairman of General Mills.

(General Mills), Susan Marks (2005). Finding Betty Crocker: The Secret Life of America's First Lady of Food. (New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 288 p.). Crocker, Betty--Biography; Cookery. 

(Grain), Dorothy Giles (1940). Singing Valleys; The Story of Corn. (New York, NY: Random House, 361 p.). Grain; Corn; Agriculture--United States--History.

(Grain), Norman S. B. Gras (1967). The Evolution of the English Corn Market, from the Twelfth to the Eighteenth Century. (New York, NY: Russell & Russell, 498 p. (orig. pub. 1915)). Professor of Business History (Harvard Business School). Grain trade--Great Britain--History; Corn laws (Great Britain).

(Grain), Henrietta M. Larson (1969). The Wheat Market and the Farmer in Minnesota, 1858-1900. (New York, NY: AMS Press, 273 p. (orig. pub. 1926)). Wheat trade--Minnesota; Agriculture--Economic aspects--Minnesota; Minnesota--Economic conditions.

(Grain), Hugh Barty-King (1978). Food for Man and Beast: The Story of the London Corn Trade Association, the London Cattle Food Trade Association, and the Grain and Feed Trade Association, 1878-1978. (London, UK: Hutchinson Benham, 107 p.). Grain and Feed Trade Association--History; Grain trade--Great Britain--History.

(Grain), Dan Morgan (1979). Merchants of Grain. (New York, NY: Viking, 387 p.). Grain trade; Food supply; Grain trade--United States.

(Grain), Andrew Schmitz ... [et al.] (1981). Grain Export Cartels. (Cambridge, MA: Ballinger Pub. Co., 298 p.). Grain trade; Grain trade--Political aspects; Prices; Cartels; Cartels--Political aspects.

(Grain), Tom Haines (1984). Flouring Mills of Montana Territory. (Missoula, MT: Friends of the University of Montana Library, 119 p.). Flour mills--Montana--History.

(Grain), Geoffrey Gilbert (1986). Baltimore's Flour Trade to the Caribbean, 1750-1815. (New York, NY: Garland, 240 p.). Flour and feed trade--Maryland--Baltimore--History; Flour and feed trade--Caribbean Area--History; Baltimore (Md.)--Commerce--Caribbean Area--History; Caribbean Area--Commerce--Maryland--Baltimore--History. Series: American business history.

(Great Harvest Bread Co.), Tom McMakin (2001). Bread and Butter: What a Bunch of Bakers Taught Me about Business and Happiness. (New York, NY: St. Martin's Press, 187 p.). McMakin, Tom; Great Harvest Bread Co.--History; Bread industry--United States; Businesspeople--United States.

(Haagen-Dazs), Rose Vesel Mattus; with Jeanette Friedman (2004). The Emperor of Ice Cream: The True Story of Haagen-Dazs. (New Milford, NJ: Wordsmithy, 215 p.). Haagen-Dazs (Firm); Ice cream industry--United States.

(Hawaiian Commercial Company), Jacob Adler (1966). Claus Spreckels; The Sugar King in Hawaii. (Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press, 339 p.). Spreckels, Claus, 1828-1908; Sugar growing--Hawaii; Hawaii--Politics and government.  

(L. S. Heath and Sons), Richard J. Heath with Ray Elliott (1995). Bittersweet: The Story of the Heath Candy Co. (West Frankfort, IL: New Authors Publications, 416 p.). Heath family; Heath, L. S. (Lawrence Seymour), 1869-1956; L.S. Heath and Sons--History; Family corporations--United States--Officials and employees; Businesspeople--United States--Biography.

(Heinz), Robert C. Alberts (1973). The Good Provider: H. J. Heinz and His 57 Varieties. (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 297 p.). Heinz, H. J. (Henry John), 1844-1919; H.J. Heinz Company.

(Heinz), Ivan Fallon (1994). The Luck of O'Reilly: A Biography of Tony O'Reilly. (New York, NY: Warner Books, 406 p.). O'Reilly, Tony; H.J. Heinz Company--History; Businesspeople--United States--Biography; Businesspeople--Ireland--Biography; Chief executive officers--United States--Biography.

(Heinz), Eleanor Foa Dienstag (1994). In Good Company: 125 Years at the Heinz Table, 1869-1994. (New York, NY: Warner Books, 352 p.). Heinz, H. J. (Henry John), 1844-1919; Heinz family; H.J. Heinz Company--History; Food industry and trade--United States--History; Businesspeople--Pennsylvania--Pittsburgh--Biography.

(Heinz), Debbie Foster and Jack Kennedy (2006). H.J. Heinz Company. (Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub., 128 p.). Heinz Communicators and Publicists. Heinz, H. J. (Henry John), 1844-1919; H.J. Heinz Company--History; Businesspeople--Pennsylvania--Pittsburgh--Biography; Food industry and trade--United States--History.

(Hershey), Joseph Richard Snavely (1950). The Hershey Story. (Hershey, PA, 385 p.). Hershey, Milton Snavely, 1857-1945; Hershey (Pa.)--History.

--- (1957). An Intimate Story of Milton S. Hershey. (Hershey, PA, 549 p.). Hershey, Milton Snavely, 1857-1945; Hershey (Pa.)--History.

(Hershey), Charles Schuyler Castner (1983). One of a Kind: Milton Snavely Hershey, 1857-1945. (Hershey, PA: Derry Literary Guild, 356 p.). Hershey, Milton Snavely, 1857-1945; Hershey Foods Corporation -- Biography; Businessmen -- United States -- Biography; Chocolate industry -- United States -- History.

(Hershey), James D. McMahon (1998). Built on Chocolate: The Story of the Hershey Chocolate Company. (Los Angeles, CA: General Publishing Group, 208 p.). Hershey, Milton Snavely, 1857-1945; Hershey Chocolate Corporation--Biography; Chocolate industry--United States--History; Businesspeople--United States--Biography.

(Hershey), Joël Glenn Brenner (1999). The Emperors of Chocolate: Inside the Secret World of Hershey and Mars. (New York, NY: Random House, 366 p.). Former Business Reporter for Washington Post. Hershey, Milton Snavely, 1857-1945; Mars, Forrest; Hershey Foods Corporation--History; Mars, Incorporated--History; Chocolate industry--United States--History; Candy industry--United States--History; Chocolate candy--United States--Marketing--History; Competition--United States--Case studies.

(Hershey), Michael D’Antonio (2006). Hershey: Milton S. Hershey’s Extraordinary Life of Wealth, Empire, and Utopian Dreams. (New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 320 p.). Hershey, Milton Snavely, 1857-1945; Hershey Chocolate Corporation--History; Chocolate industry--United States--History--20th century; Businesspeople--United States--Biography. Ultimate progressive businessman with a lasting utopian legacy. 

(Duncan Hines), Louis Hatchett (2001). Duncan Hines: The Man Behind the Cake Mix. (Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 325 p.). Hines, Duncan, 1880-1959; Businessmen--United States--Biography; Food industry and trade--United States--Biography; Hospitality industry--United States--Biography.

(Hormel), Richard Dougherty (1966). In Quest of Quality; Hormel's First 75 Years. (St. Paul, MN: North Central Pub. Co., 357 p.). Geo. A. Hormel & Company.

(Hormel), Dave Hage and Paul Klauda (1989). No Retreat, No Surrender: Labor's War at Hormel. (New York, NY: Morrow, 398 p.). Geo. A. Hormel & Company; United Packinghouse, Food, and Allied Workers. Local 9 (Austin, Minn.); Geo. A. Hormel & Company Strike, Austin, Minn., 1985-1986.

(Hormel), Hardy Green (1990). On Strike at Hormel: The Struggle for a Democratic Labor Movement. (Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 368 p.). Geo. A. Hormel & Company; United Packinghouse, Food, and Allied Workers. Local 9 (Austin, Minn.); Geo. A. Hormel & Company Strike, Austin, Minn., 1985-1986.

(Hormel), Doniver A. Lund, V. Allan Krejci (1991). The Hormel Legacy: 100 Years of Quality. (Austin, MN: Geo. A. Hormal & Co., 231 p.). Geo. A. Hormel & Company--History; Meat industry and trade--United States--History; Packing-houses--United States--History.

(Hormel), Carolyn Wyman (1999). Spam: A Biography. (San Diego, CA: Harcourt Brace, 134 p.). Cookery (Meat); Cookery (Canned foods); Canned meat; Spam (Trademark).

(Huntley and Palmers), T. A. B. Corley (1972). Quaker Enterprise in Biscuits: Huntley and Palmers of Reading, 1822-1972. (London, UK: Hutchinson, 320 p.). Huntley and Palmers Ltd.

(IBP), Jeffrey L. Rodengen (2000). The Legend of IBP: Established 1960. (Fort Lauderdale, FL: Write Stuff Enterprises, 208 p.). IBP, Inc.--History; Beef industry--United States--History; Meat industry and trade--United States--History.

(Imperial Sugar), Harold M. Hyman (1990). Oleander Odyssey: The Kempners of Galveston, Texas, 1854-1980s. (College Station, TX: Texas A & M University Press, 486 p.). Kempner family; Jews--Texas--Galveston--Biography; Galveston (Tex.)--Biography.

(Interstate Bakeries), Steve Ettlinger (2007). Twinkie, Deconstructed: My Journey To Discover How the Ingredients Found in Processed Foods Are Grown, Mined (Yes, Mined), and Manipulated into What America Eats. (New York, NY: Hudson Street Press, 304 p.). Food additives; Processed foods; Twinkies (Trademark). Author  follows each Twinkie ingredient through process of being crushed, baked, fermented, refined, and/or reacted into totally unrecognizable goo or powder with strange name—all for the sake of creating a simple snack cake. 

(Jell-o), Carolyn Wyman (2001). Jell-O: A Biography. (San Diego, CA: Harcourt, 146 p.). Cookery (Gelatin); Desserts.

(Jeno's, Inc.), Jeno F. Paulucci; with Les Rich and James Tills (2006). Jeno: The Power of the Peddler. (Sanford, FL: Paulucci International, 567 p.). Paulucci, Jeno F. (Jeno Francesco), 1918- ; Grocery trade--United States--History; Businesspeople--United States--Biography; Selling. "Frozen food king"; founded Chun King, Jeno's Inc., Luigino's Inc.; created, financed, or lead more than 50 privately held companies and organizations valued in excess of $2 billion.

(Kellogg - founded 1906 as the Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Company), Horace B. Powell (1956). The Original Has This Signature--W. K. Kellogg. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 358 p.). Kellogg, W. K. (Will Keith), 1860-1951; Kellogg Toasted Corn Flake Company; Kellogg Company.

(Kellogg), Benjamin Kline Hunnicutt (1996). Kellogg's Six-Hour Day. (Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 261 p.). Kellogg Company--History; Work sharing--Michigan--Battle Creek--History; Shift systems--Michigan--Battle Creek--History; Hours of labor--Michigan--Battle Creek--History; Cereal products industry--Michigan--Battle Creek--Employees--History; Unemployment--Michigan--Battle Creek--History; Depressions--1929--Michigan--Battle Creek.

(Kikkoman), Mark W. Fruin (1983). Kikkoman: Company, Clan, and Community. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 358 p.). Kikkoman Shoyu Kabushiki Kaisha--History.

(Kikkoman), Ronald E. Yates (1998). The Kikkoman Chronicles: A Global Company with a Japanese Soul. (New Yprk, NY: McGraw-Hill, 206 p.). Dean, Collage of Communication (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign). Kikko¯man Kabushiki Kaisha--History; Soy sauce industry--Japan--History. 368-year-old leading soy sauce and Asian condiment manufacturer.

(King Arthur Flour Company), David A. Anderson; foreword by Frank Sands (2004). King Arthur Flour Company. (Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub., 128 p). King Arthur Flour (Firm); Flour industry--Massachusetts--Boston. America’s oldest flour company (New England’s oldest food company); owned, operated by five generations of Sands family headed the company for almost two centuries.

(Land O' Lakes), Kenneth D. Ruble (1947). Man to Remember; How 100,000 Neighbors Made History. (Chicago, IL, 318 p.). Land, O'Lakes Creameries, inc. [from old catalog]; Butter; Dairy products--Marketing; Agriculture, Cooperative--West (U.S.).

--- (1973). Land O'Lakes: Farmers Make It Happen. (Minneapolis, MN, 205 p.). Land O'Lakes Creameries; Dairy products--United States; Cooperative marketing of farm produce--United States.

(Land O' Lakes), Jack El-Hai (1996). Celebrating Tradition, Building the Future: Seventy-Five Years of Land O'Lakes. (Minneapolis, MN: Land O'Lakes, Inc., 132 p.). Land O'Lakes, Inc.--History; Butter trade--United States--History; Dairy products industry--United States--History; Dairying, Cooperative--Minnesota--Minneapolis.

(J. Lyons & Company), Peter Bird (2000). First Food Empire: A History of J. Lyons & Co. (Chichester, UK: Phillimore, 382 p.). J. Lyons & Company--History; Food industry and trade--Great Britain.

(Manischewitz B. Co.), Laura Manischewitz Alpern (2008). Manischewitz, the Matzo Family: The Making of an American Jewish Icon. (Jersey City, NJ: KTAV Pub. House, 225 p.). Great-granddaughter of founder. Manischewitz family; B. Manischewitz Co.; Jews--Ohio--Cincinnati--History; Jewish businesspeople--Ohio--Cincinnati--Biography; Businesspeople--Ohio--Cincinnati--Biography; Matzos industry--Ohio--Cincinnati--History; Jews--United States--History; Cincinnati (Ohio)--History. Family that transformed world of matzo, became symbol of 100% kosher; nation’s largest manufacturer of processed kosher food products; number one baker of matzo or unleavened bread in world.

(Mars), Janice Pottker (1995). Crisis in Candyland: Melting the Chocolate Shell of the Mars Family Empire. (Bethesda, MD: National Press Books, 255 p.). Mars, Incorporated; Food industry and trade--United States--Case studies.

(McCain Foods), Michael Woloschuk (1995). Family Ties: The Real Story of the McCain Feud. (Toronto, ON: Key Porter Books, 295 p.). McCain, H. Harrison, 1927- ; McCain, G. Wallace F., 1930- ; McCain Family; McCain Foods Limited; Businessmen--Canada--Biography; Frozen foods industry--Canada--History.

(McCain Foods), Paul Waldie (1996). House Divided: McCain. (New York, NY: Penguin Putnam, 352 p.). McCain Family; McCain Foods Limited; Businessmen--Canada--Biography; Frozen foods industry--Canada--History.

(McCormick & Co.), The Company (1939). Pioneering with Products and People; A Brief Review of the First Fifty Years of McCormick & Company, Inc. (Baltimore, MD: McCormick & Company, Inc., 83 p.). McCormick & Co. (Baltimore, Md.).

(McCormick & Co.), Charles P. McCormick, Foreword by Eric A. Johnston (1949). The Power of People; Multiple Management Up to Date. (New York, NY: Harper, 136 p.). McCormick & Co. (Baltimore, Md.); Management--Employee participation.

(McCormick & Co.), Charles P. McCormick, Jr. (1993). Pepper People. (White Plains, NY: Benjamin Co., 256 p.). McCormick, Charles Perry, 1896-1970; McCormick & Co. (Baltimore, Md.)--History; McCormick & Co. (Baltimore, Md.)--Biography; Businesspeople--United States--Biography; Pepper (Spice) industry--United States--History; Spice trade--United States--History.

(McIlhenny Co.), Shane K. Bernard (2007). Tabasco, An Illustrated History: The Story of the McIlhenny family of Avery Island, 1868-2007. (Avery Island, LA . McIlhenny Co., 239 p.). Historian and Curator for the McIlhenny Company and Avery Island, Inc., Archives. McIlhenny family, McIlhenny Co.--History, Tabasco sauce. Origin of Tabasco® sauce, from post-Civil War creation on Avery Island, LA, to evolution into "gold standard" of pepper sauces, global culinary icon.

(McIlhenny Co.), Jeffrey Rothfeder (2007). McIlhenny’s Gold: How a Louisiana Family Built the Tabasco Empire. (New York, NY: Collins, 251 p.). Former Editor (BusinessWeek, Time Inc., Bloomberg News). McIlhenny Co.--History; Hot pepper sauce industry--Louisiana--History; Tabasco sauce--Louisiana--History. Continuing success of eccentric, private, family-run company; how it emerged from outgrowth of handful of peppers planted on isolated island on Gulf of Mexico to produce one of best-known products in world, gold mine and icon of pop culture, recognizable as far bigger brands such as Coca-Cola and Kleenex. 

(McKee Foods), C.A. (Bill) Oliphant (1994). Sweet Success: O.D. McKee, America's Snack Cake King. (Cleveland, TN: Sundial Press, 168 p.). McKee, O. D., 1905- ; McKee Foods Corporation--History; Businesspeople--United States--Biography; Pastry industry--United States--History.

(Michigan Alkali), Arthur Pound (1940). Salt of the Earth; The Story of Captain J. B. Ford and Michigan Alkali Company, 1890-1940. (Boston, MA: Atlantic Monthly Company, 122 p.). Ford, John Baptiste, 1811-1903; Michigan alkali company, Wyandotte.

(Midwest Grain Products), Billy M. Jones (1990). Cloud L. Cray: The Man Who Loved Atchison; Founder Midwest Grain Products, Inc., Atchison, Kansas. (Wichita, KS: Center for Entrepreneurship, W. Frank Barton School of Business Administration, Wichita State University, 236 p.). Cray, Cloud Lanor, 1895-1979; Midwest Grain Products, Inc.--History; Businesspeople--Kansas--Biography; Grain trade.

(Miko), Jean Garrigues; preface de Frederic Mitterand (1992). Miko: Le Gout de l’Entracte. (Paris, FR: Du May, 117 p.). Miko (Firm)--History; Ice cream industry--France--History; Ice cream, ices, etc.--History.

(Mitchell's Gourmet Foods), LuAn Mitchell-Halter (2003). Paper Doll: Lessons Learned from a Life Lived in the Headlines. (San Diego, CA: Jodere Group, 176 p.). Canada's Number One Female Entrepreneur for three successive years. Mitchell-Halter, LuAn; Businesswomen -- Canada -- Biography; Success; Entrepreneurship. 

(Daniel Mills & Sons Limited), Marian Robertson (1995). Rising Generations: Daniel Mills & Sons Limited, 1845-1995. (Cape Town, South Africa: D.M.S., 224 p.). Daniel Mills & Sons Limited--History; Yeast industry--South Africa--History.

(Monitor Sugar), Thomas Mahar (2000). Sweet Energy: The Story of Monitor Sugar Company. (Bay City, MI: Big Chief Sugar, 268 p.). Monitor Sugar Company--History; Sugar factories--Michigan--Bay City--History; Sugar trade--Michigan--Bay City--History; Sugar trade--United States--History.

(Moonpie), David Magee (2006). Moonpie: Biography of an Out-of-This-World Snack. (Lookout Mountain, TN: Jefferson Press, 224 p.). Moonpie; Snack food industry--United States. Historical biography of South and its most revered snack (developed in 1917 in response to coal miners' request for a filling—yet portable—snack).

(Mrs. Fields Cookies), Debbi Fields and Alan Furst (1987). "One Smart Cookie": How a Housewife's Chocolate Chip Recipe Turned into a Multimillion-Dollar Business--The Story of Mrs. Fields Cookies. (New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 173 p.). Fields, Debbi; Mrs. Fields Cookies (Firm); Businesswomen--United States--Biography; Cookie industry--United States.

(Nabisco - formed in 1898), William Cahn (1969). Out of the Cracker Barrel; The Nabisco Story, from Animal Crackers to Zuzus. (New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 367 p.). National Biscuit Company.

(National Sea Products Ltd.), Stephen Kimber (1989). Net Profits: The Story of National Sea. (Halifax, NS: Nimbus, 294 p.). National Sea Products Ltd. -- History; Fisheries -- Nova Scotia.

(National Sugar Manufacturing Company), Dena Markoff Sabin (1986). How Sweet It Was! The Beet Sugar Industry in Microcosm: The National Sugar Manufacturing Company, 1899 to 1967. (New York, NY: Garland, 363 p.). National Sugar Manufacturing Company (Sugar City, Colo.)--History; Sugar trade--United States--History. Series: American business history.

(Natural Foods), Warren J. Belasco (1993). Appetite for Change: How the Counterculture Took on the Food Industry. (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 316 p.). Natural foods industry--United States; Food industry and trade--United States; Subculture--United States; Consumers--United States.

(Natural Foods), Samuel Fromartz (2006). Organic, Inc.: Natural Foods and How They Grew. (Orlando, FL: Harcourt, 294 p.). Business Journalist. Natural foods industry; Natural foods--Marketing; Farm produce--Marketing. Rise of the organic food industry in the United States. 

(NECCO), Louis Untermeyer (1947). A Century of Candymaking, 1847-1947; The Story of the Origin and Growth of New England Confectionery Company Which Parallels That of the Candy Industry in America, 84 p.). New England Confectionery Company; Confectionery--United States.

(Nestle), Jean Heer (1966). World Events 1866-1966: The First Hundred Years of Nestle. (Lausanne, SW: Imprimeries Reunies, 226 p.). Nestle Alimentana Company.

(Nestle), Pierre Harrisson; preface de Susan George; illustrations et graphiques, Louis Badler (1983). L'Empire Nestle. (Lausanne, SW: Editions P-M Favre, 493 p.). Nestle Company; Corporations, Swiss--Latin America; International business enterprises--Latin America; Food industry and trade--Latin America.

(Nestle), John Dobbing (1988). Infant Feeding: Anatomy of a Controversy, 1972-1984. (Gerlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 169 p.). Nestle Alimentana Company.

(Nissin Foods Prodcuts), Momofuku Ando (1983). Kisotengai no Hasso. (Tokyo: Kodansha, Showa, 246 p.). Founder, Nissin Foods Prodcuts. Nisshin Shokuhin Kabushiki Kaisha--History.

(Nissin Foods Prodcuts), Nisshin Shokuhin Kabushiki Kaisha Shashi Hensanshitsu (1992). Shoku Tarite yo wa Tairaka: Nisshin Shokuhin Shashi. (Osaka, Japan: Nisshin Shokuhin Kabushiki Kaisha, Heisei, 405 p.). Nisshin Shokuhin Kabushiki Kaisha--History; Food industry and trade--Japan--History.

(Nordica Foods), Al Schock (1997). The Schock Brothers, Al and Ozzie: A Story of Success and Service. (Freeman, SD: Pine Hill Press, 310 p.). Schock, Al (Alvin); Schock, Ozzie (Ozzie Eric); Nordica Foods Company--History; Dairy products industry--United States--History; Businessmen--United States--Biography.

(NutraSweet), Joseph E. McCann (1990). Sweet Success: How NutraSweet Created a Billion Dollar Business. (Homewood, IL: Business One Irwin, 194 p.). Sweetener industry--United States.

(Nuttelex Food Products), Colin Kirkham (2000). Margarine: Seed Oils Replace Nuts: The History of Nuttelex. (Prahran, Vic., AU: Nuttelex Food Products Pty Ltd., 105 p.). Nuttelex Food Products--History; Margarine industry--Australia--History.

(Oysters), John R. Wennersten (1981). The Oyster Wars of Chesapeake Bay. (Centreville, MD: Tidewater Publishers, 159 p.). Oyster industry--Chesapeake Bay. Watermen, law enforcement officers, government officials, Bay scientists, immigrants, oyster shuckers involved in life, death struggle to harvest oyster in Chesapeake Bay in decades following Civil War.

(Oysters), David G. Gordon, Nancy E. Blanton, and Terry Y. Nosho (2001). Heaven on the Half Shell: The Story of the Northwest's Love Affair with the Oyster. (Portland, OR: WestWinds Press, 160 p.). Oyster industry--Northwest, Pacific.

(Oysters), Mark Kurlansky (2006). The Big Oyster: History on the Half Shell. (New York, NY: Ballantine Books, 320 p.). Cookery (Oysters); Oysters--New York (State)--New York. Rise and fall of the oyster industry in New York; dominant role in the city’s economy, gastronomy, and ecology.

(Pacific American Fisheries), August C. Radke (2002). Pacific American Fisheries, Inc. : History of a Washington State Salmon Packing Company, 1890-1966. (Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co., 220 p.). Former Professor of History (Western Washington University). Pacific American Fisheries, Inc.--History; Salmon industry--United States--History. 

(Paradise Inc.), Frank A. Weaner (1983). One Against Many. (Tampa, FL: F.A. Weaner, 293 p.). Weaner, Frank A.; Journalists--United States--Biography; Businesspeople--United States--Biography; Bankers--United States--Biography. Oldest, largest supplier in the U.S. of glace fruit to commercial bakers, confectioners, and supermarkets.

(Parmalat), Gabriel Franzini (2004). Il Crac Parmalat: Storia del Crollo dell'Impero del Latte. (Roma, Italy: Editori riuniti, 223 p.). Journalist (Telereggio). Dairy products industry -- Corrupt practices -- Italy; Business failures -- Italy -- Case studies; Tanzi, Calisto, -- 1938- ; Parmalat (Firm). History of the landslide of the empire of latte, the Tanzi family empire.

(M. A. Patout and Son, Ltd.), Michael G. Wade (1995). Sugar Dynasty: M. A. Patout & Son, Ltd., 1791-1993. (Lafayette, LA: Center for Louisiana Studies, University of Southwestern Louisiana, 405 p.). M. A. Patout and Son, Ltd.--History; Sugarcane industry--Louisiana--Patoutville--History; Sugar factories--Louisiana--Patoutville--History; Sugar trade--Louisiana--Patoutville--History; Sugar growing--Louisiana--Patoutville--History; Patoutville (La.)--History.

(Pepper), George Granville Putnam (1922). Salem Vessels and Their Voyages; A History of the Pepper Trade with the Island of Sumatra. (Salem, MA: The Essex institute, 171 p.). Pepper (Spice) industry--Sumatra--History; Pepper (Spice) industry--Massachusetts--Salem--History; Salem (Mass.)--Commerce--Sumatra; Sumatra (Indonesia)--Commerce--Massachusetts--Salem; Salem (Mass.)--Biography.

(Pepper), Anthony R. Disney (1978). Twilight of the Pepper Empire: Portuguese Trade in Southwest India in the Early Seventeenth Century. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 220 p.). Pepper (Spice) industry--India--History--17th century; Pepper (Spice) industry--Portugal--History--17th century; Portugal--Commerce--India--History--17th century; India--Commerce--Portugal--History--17th century.

(Pet Milk), Martin L. Bell (1962). A Portrait of Progress, A Business History of Pet Milk Company from 1885 to 1960. (St. Louis, MO, 199 p.). Pet Milk Company.

(Pilgrim’s Pride), Bo Pilgrim (2005). One Pilgrim’s Progress: How To Build a World-Class Company, and Who To Credit. (Nashville, TN: Nelson Business, 223 p.). Pilgrim, Bo, 1928- ; Pilgrim’s Pride Corporation -- History; Poultry industry -- Texas; Businessmen -- Texas -- Biography; Christian biography -- Texas.

(Pillsbury), William J. Powell (1985). Pillsbury's Best: A Company History from 1869. (Minneapolis, MN: Pillsbury Co., 252p;.). Pillsbury Company--History; Food industry and trade--United States--History.

(Pop Rocks Crackling Candy), Marv Rudolph (2006). Pop Rocks: The Inside Story of America’s Revolutionary Candy. (Sharon, MA: Specialty Publishers Llc, 112 p.). Food Product Developer for 35 Years. Pop Rocks Crackling Candy; Candy industry -- History. 1956 - William A. (Bill) Mitchell invented Pop Rocks Crackling Candy as attempt to create instant carbonated drink.

(Post), Nettie Leitch Major (1963). C.W. Post-The Hour and the Man: A Biography with Genealogical Supplement. (Washington, DC: Press of Judd & Detweiler, Inc., 318 p.). Post, C. W. (Charles William), 1854-1914.

(Quaker Oats), Harrison John Thornton (1933). The History of the Quaker Oats Company. (Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 279 p.). Quaker Oats Company; Oats; United States--Economic conditions.

(Quaker Oats), Richard Ellsworth Day (1946). Breakfast Table Autocrat; the Life Story of Henry Parsons Crowell. (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 317 p.). Crowell, Henry Parsons, 1855-1944; Quaker Oats Company; Moody Bible Institute; Perfection Stove Company, Cleveland.

(Quaker Oats), Arthur F. Marquette (1967). Brands, Trademarks, and Good Will; The Story of the Quaker Oats Company. (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 274 p.). Quaker Oats Company.

(Quaker Oats), Joe Musser (1997). The Cereal Tycoon: Henry Parsons Crowell, Founder of the Quaker Oats Co.: A Biography. (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 160 p.). Crowell, Henry Parsons, 1855-1944; Quaker Oats Company--History; Moody Bible Institute--History; Perfection Stove Company, Cleveland--History; Businessmen--United States--Biography; Philanthropists--United States--Biography; Cereal products industry--United States--History; Cereals, Prepared--United States--History.

(Quaker Oats), M.M. Manring (1998). Slave in a Box: The Strange Career of Aunt Jemima. (Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia, 210 p.). Jemima, Aunt; Quaker Oats Company; Advertising--Social aspects--United States--History--20th century; African American women in advertising; Stereotype (Psychology) in advertising--United States.

(Ralston Purina), William H. Danforth (1945). I Dare You! (St. Louis, MO: Privately Printed, 134 p. [12th ed.]). Conduct of life; Success.

(Ralston Purina), Gordon M. Philpott (1960). Daring Venture; The Life Story of William H. Danforth. (New York, NY: Random House, 174 p.). Danforth, William Henry, 1870-1955; Ralston Purina Company.

(Joseph Rank Limited), R G (Richard George) Burnett (1945). Through the Mill: The Life of Joseph Rank. (London, UK: Epworth, 226 p.). Rank, Joseph; Flour trade--Great Britain--History; Industrialists--Breat Britain--Biography.

(Joseph Rank Limited), The Company (1955). The Master Millers: The Story of the House of Rank 1875-1955. (London, UK: Harley, 98 p.). Rank, Joseph; Joseph Rank Limited; Millers--Great Britain--History. On the occasion of their 80th anniversary.

(Orville Redenbacher's), Len Sherman (1996). Popcorn King: How Orville Redenbacher and His Popcorn Charmed America. (Arlington, TX: Summit Pub. Group, 112 p.). Redenbacher, Orville; Businesspeople--United States--Biography; Popcorn industry--United States--History.

(Redpath Industries), Richard Feltoe (1991). Redpath: The History of a Sugar House. (Toronto, ON: Natural Heritage/Natural History, 320 p.). Redpath Industries--History; Sugar trade--Canada--History.

(Redpath Industries), Richard Feltoe (1993). Let Redpath Sweeten It. (Toronto, ON: Natural Heritage/Natural History, 240 p.). Redpath Industries--History; Industries Redpath--Histoire; Sugar trade--Canada--History; Sucre--Fabrication et raffinage--Canada--Histoire.

(Redpath Industries), Richard Feltoe (2004). A Gentleman of Substance: The Life and Legacy of John Redpath (1796-1869). (Toronto, ON: Natural Heritage/Natural History, 144 p.). Redpath, John, 1796-1869; Redpath Industries--History--19th century; Businessmen--Québec (Province)--Montréal--Biography; Politicians--Québec (Province)--Montréal--Biography; Montréal (Québec)--Biography; Montréal (Québec)--History--19th century.

(Rice), Henry C. Dethloff (1988). A History of the American Rice Industry, 1685-1985. (College Station, TX: Texas A & M Press, 215 p.). Rice trade--United States--History.

(Rice), Daniel C. Littlefield (1991). Rice and Slaves: Ethnicity and the Slave Trade in Colonial South Carolina. (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 199 p. [orig. pub. 1981]). Slavery--South Carolina; Slave-trade--South Carolina; Rice trade--South Carolina--History; South Carolina--Race relations.

(Rice), Judith A. Carney (2001). Black Rice: The African Origins of Rice Cultivation in the Americas. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 240 p.). Historical Geographer (UCLA). Rice--Southern States--History; Rice--Africa, West--History; Slaves--Southern States. 

(Rowntree), Anne Vernon (1958). A Quaker Business Man; The Life of Joseph Rowntree, 1836-1925. (London, UK: Allen & Unwin, 207 p.). Rowntree, Joseph, 1836-1925; Rowntree and Company, ltd.

(Rowntree), Robert Fitzgerald (1995). Rowntree and the Marketing Revolution, 1862-1969. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 737 p.). Rowntree (Firm)--History; Chocolate industry--Great Britain--History; Confectioners--Great Britain--History; Marketing--Great Britain--History.

(Salmon), Edited and with an Introduction by Dianne Newell (1989). The Development of the Pacific Salmon-Canning Industry: A Grown Man's Game. (Montreal, QU: McGill-Queen's University Press, 303 p.). Salmon canning industry -- British Columbia -- History.

(Salt), Garnett Laidlaw Eskew (1948). Salt, The Fifth Element; The Story of a Basic American Industry. (Chicago, IL: J.G. Ferguson, 239 p.). Salt industry and trade--United States; Salt.

(Salt), Robert P. Multhauf (1978). Neptune's Gift: A History of Common Salt. (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 325 p.). Salt--History.

(Salt), Pierre Laszlo; translated by Mary Beth Mader (2001). Salt: Grain of Life. (New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 193 p.). Emeritus Professor of Chemistry (University of LiÈge, Belgium and École Polytechnique in Paris). Salt -- History.

(Salt), Mark Kurlansky (2002). Salt: A World History. (London, UK: Jonathan Cape, 484 p.). Salt; Salt--History; Salt industry and trade--History.

(Salt), Michael Benanav (2006). Men of Salt: Across the Sahara with the Caravan of White Gold. (Guilford, CT: Lyons Press, 240 p.). Reporter, Travel Section (New York Times). Caravans--Sahara;' Salt industry and trade--Sahara; Salt mines and mining--Sahara; Sahara--Description and travel. 40 harrowing days with a caravan through the brutal Tanezrouft region of the Sahara on mission to haul back gleaming slabs of solid salt for sale at market.

(Samworth Brothers), Patrick Beaver (1997). A Taste of Tradition: The Story of the Samworth Family Business (1896-1996). (Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Athlone Press, 201 p.). Samworth Brothers Limited--History; Food industry and trade--Great Britain--History--20th century; Convenience foods--Great Britain--History--20th century; Family-owned business enterprises--Great Britain.

(Sanders), Greg Tasker (2006). Sanders Confectionery. (Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 127 p.). Former Newspaper Editor and Reporter. Sanders (Confectionery)--History--Pictorial works; Confectionery--Michigan--Detroit--History--Pictorial works; Detroit (Mich.)--History--Pictorial works. For more than 130 years; at peak - more than 50 stores, products available in as many as 200 supermarkets.

(Sanitarium Health Food Company), Robert Parr & Glyn Litster (1996). "What Hath God wrought!": The Sanitarium Health Food Company Story. (Berkeley Vale, NSW, Australia: Sanitarium Health Food Co., 463 p.). Sanitarium Health Food Company--History; Natural foods industry--Australia--History; Natural foods industry--New Zealand--History; Seventh-Day Adventists--Australia--History; Seventh-Day Adventists--New Zealand--History.

(Savannah Foods), Arthur Gordon (1992). How Sweet It Is: The Story of Dixie Crystals and Savannah Foods. (Savannah, GA: Savannah Foods & Industries, 109 p.). Savannah Foods and Industries--History; Sugar trade--United States--History; Sugar factories--Georgia--Savannah--History.

(J. M. Schneider Inc.), J. M. Schneider (1989). A Legacy of Quality: J.M. Schneider Inc. A Centennial Celebration 1890-1990. (Kitchener, ON: J.M. Schneider Inc., 191 p.). J.M. Schneider Inc. -- Centennial celebrations, etc.; Food industry and trade -- Canada -- History; Meat industry and trade -- Canada -- History.

(Seattle's Pike Place Fish Market), Cyndi Crother and the Crew of the World Famous Pike Place Fish (2004). Catch!: A Fishmonger's Guide to Greatness. (San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 150 p.). World Famous Pike Place Fish (Seattle, Wash.); Fish trade--Washington (State)--Seattle; Success in business; Management--Case studies; Success--Psychological aspects; Self-realization. 

(Seattle's Pike Place Fish Market), John Yokoyama, Joseph Michelli (2004). When Fish Fly: Lessons for Creating a Vital and Energized Workplace from the World Famous Pike Place Fish Market. (New York, NY: Hyperion, 176 p.). Owner of Pike Place Fish Market; Psychologist, Organizational Consultant. World Famous Pike Place Fish (Seattle, Wash.); Employee motivation; Customer services; Success in business.  

(See's Candies), Margaret Moos Pick (2005). See's Famous Old Time Candies: A Sweet Story. (San Francisco, CA: Chronicle Books, 96 p.). Executive Producer, Head Writer for the Riverwalk Jazz Radio Series on Public Radio International, founding producer of A Prairie Home Companion. See's Candies (Firm)--History; Candy industry--United States--Case studies. From humble beginning in Mary See's kitchen in the 1890s to the hearts of the sweet-toothed everywhere.

(Shawnee Milling Company), Jim Bradshaw, Virginia Bradshaw (8/31/2006). A History of Shawnee Milling Company: An American Dream 100 Years, 1906-2006. (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 152 p.). Former Reporters (Shawnee News-Star). Shawnee Milling Company; Flour Milling. Development of an enduring Oklahoma institution through the eyes of three generations.

(Shredded Wheat Company), James A Holechek (2007). Henry Perky: The Shredded Wheat King. (Bloomington, IN: iUniverse, 468 p.). Perky, Henry D.; Shredded Wheat--history; Cereal products industry----History. First authorized biography of Henry D. Perky, inventor of Shredded Wheat, from childhood through Gilded Age, beyond.

(E. D. Smith), Llewellyn S. Smith with Phyllis Cowan (1995). The House That Jam Built. (Markham, ON: Baby Boomer Press, 264 p.). Smith family; E.D. Smith (Firm)--History; Jam industry--Canada--History.

(J. M. Smucker), William Donohue Ellis (1987). With a Name Like--. (Orville, OH: J. M. Smucker Co., 161 p.). J.M. Smucker Company--History; Jam industry--United States--History.

(Spice), Charles Corn (1998). The Scents of Eden: A Narrative of the Spice Trade. (New York, NY: Kodansha International, 337 p.). Spice trade--Indonesia--History; Maluku (Indonesia)--History.

(Spice), Giles Milton (1999). Nathaniel's Nutmeg: Or, The True and Incredible Adventures of the Spice Trader Who Changed the Course of History. (New York, NY: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 388 p.). Courthope, Nathaniel; Coen, Jan Pieterszoon, 1587-1629; Nederlandsche Oost-Indische Compagnie -- History; Spice trade -- Indonesia -- Maluku -- History -- 17th century; Nutmeg industry -- Indonesia -- Maluku -- History -- 17th century; Maluku (Indonesia) -- History; Indonesia -- History -- 1478-1798.

(Spice), Jack Turner (2004). Spice: The History of a Temptation. (New York, NY: Knopf, 384 p.). Spices--History; Cookery (Spices)--History; Spice trade--History. 

(Spice), John Keay (2005). The Spice Route: A History. (London, UK: John Murray, 368 p.). Spices--History; Cookery (Spices)--History; Spice trade--History. 

(Staley), Dan J. Forrestal (1982). The Kernel and the Bean: The 75-year Story of the Staley Company. (New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 315 p.). A. E. Staley Manufacturing Company--History--20th century; Corn products industry--United States--History--20th century; Soybean industry--United States--History--20th century.

(Standard Brands Incorporated), P. Christiaan Klieger (2004). The Fleischmann Yeast Family. (Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 128 p.). Senior Curator of History at the Oakland Museum of California. Standard Brands Incorporated--Biography; Industrialists--United States--Biography. Family business from Civil War until start of Depression;  created food conglomerate Standard Brands; acquired by Nabisco.

(Standard Fruit & Steamship Co.), Thomas L. Karnes (1978). Tropical Enterprise: The Standard Fruit and Steamship Company in Latin America. (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 332 p.). Standard Fruit & Steamship Co.--History; Fruit trade--Latin America--History.

(Steel Brothers and Company), H.E.W. Braund (1975). Calling to Mind: Being Some Account of the First Hundred Years (1870 to 1970) of Steel Brothers and Company Limited. (Oxford, UK: Pergamon, 151 p.). Steel Brothers and Company; Commerce -- History; South Asia -- Commerce -- Great Britain; Great Britain -- Commerce -- . Steel Brothers and Company history. 

(Stilton Cheese), Trevor Hickman (2005). The History of Stilton Cheese. (Gloucestershire, UK: Sutton Publishing, 169 p.). Cheeses Trades History; Stilton cheese -- History.  Stilton is certification trademark vested in Stilton Cheese Makers' Association; cannot, by law, be manufactured anywhere else in world except the three East Midland, UK counties (Leicestershire, Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire).

(Sugar), Arthur C. Alexander (1937). Koloa Plantation, 1835-1935; A History of the Oldest Hawaiian Sugar Plantation. (Honolulu, HI: Printed by Honolulu Star-Bulletin, 240 p.). Koloa Plantation, Kauai; Sugar growing --Hawaii.

(Sugar), Richard B. Sheridan (1974). Sugar and Slavery; An Economic History of the British West Indies, 1623-1775. (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 529 p.). Sugar trade--West Indies, British; Slavery--West Indies, British; West Indies, British--Economic conditions; West Indies, British--Social conditions.

(Sugar), Sidney Mintz (1985). Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern History. (New York, NY: Penguin, 274 p.). Sugar -- Social aspects -- History; Sugar trade -- Social aspects -- History.

(Sugar), J. H. Galloway (1989). The Sugar Cane Industry: An Historical Geography from its Origins to 1914. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 266 p.). Sugarcane industry--History.

(Sugar), Teresita Martínez-Vergne (1992). Capitalism in Colonial Puerto Rico: Central San Vicente in the Late Nineteenth Century. (Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 189 p.). Central San Vicente (Sugar factory)--History; Sugar trade--Puerto Rico--History--19th century; Sugar factories--Puerto Rico--History--19th century.

(Sugar), Glenn R. Conrad and Ray F. Lucas (1995). White Gold: A Brief History of the Louisiana Sugar Industry, 1795-1995. (Lafayette,: Center for Louisiana Studies, University of Southwestern Louisiana, 102 p.). Sugar trade--Louisiana--History; Sugarcane industry--Louisiana--History.

(Sugar), Cesar J. Ayala. (1999). American Sugar Kingdom: The Plantation Economy of the Spanish Caribbean, 1898-1934. (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 321 p.). Sugar trade--Cuba--History--20th century; Sugar trade--Puerto Rico--History--20th century; Sugar trade--Dominican Republic--History--20th century; Sugar trade--United States--History--20th century.

(Sugar), Wendy A. Woloson (2002). Refined Tastes: Sugar, Confectionery, and Consumers in Nineteenth-Century America. (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 277 p,.). Confectionery--History; Sugar--History.

(Sugar), Michael S. Billig (2003). Barons, Brokers, and Buyers: The Institutions and Cultures of Philippine Sugar. (Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press, 320 p.). Sugar trade--Philippines.