December 24, 1912 - Irving Fisher, a Yale economics professor, patented an archiving system with index cards; July 1, 1925 - Fisher's firm, the Index Visible Company, merged with its principal competitor to form Kardex Rand Co., later Remington Rand, later Sperry Rand. Fisher earned about $1 million for the invention, which grew to the princely sum of $9 million before being lost in the stock market crash of 1929.

December 1919 - English economist John Maynard Keynes (35), chief representative of the British Treasury (advised British Prime Minister David Lloyd George) at the signing of the Versailles Treaty (June 28, 1919), officially ending World War I, published The Economic Consequences of the Peace; made a grim prophecy that would have particular relevance to the next generation of Europeans: "If we aim at the impoverishment of Central Europe, vengeance, I dare say, will not limp. Nothing can then delay for very long the forces of Reaction and the despairing convulsions of Revolution, before which the horrors of the later German war will fade into nothing, and which will destroy, whoever is victor, the civilization and the progress of our generation." Keynes left the Conference in protest of the treaty, was one of the most outspoken critics of the punitive agreement. Predicted that the stiff war reparations and other harsh terms imposed on Germany by the treaty would lead to the financial collapse of the country, which in turn would have serious economic and political repercussions on Europe and the world. Treaty terms:1) Germany was to relinquish 10 percent of its territory, 2) was to be disarmed, 3) its overseas empire taken over by the Allies, 4) confiscation of its foreign financial holdings and its merchant carrier fleet. German economy, already devastated by the war, was thus further crippled, and the stiff war reparations demanded ensured that it would not soon return to its feet. A final reparations figure was not agreed upon in the treaty, but estimates placed the amount in excess of $30 billion, far beyond Germany's capacity to pay (to invasion if it fell behind on payments). Keynes, horrified by the terms of the emerging treaty, presented a plan to the Allied leaders: German government be given a substantial loan, thus allowing it to buy food and materials while beginning reparations payments immediately (President Wilson turned it down because he feared it would not receive congressional approval - Keynes called the idealistic American president "the greatest fraud on earth"). June 5, 1919 - Keynes wrote a note to Lloyd George informing the prime minister that he was resigning his post in protest of the impending "devastation of Europe." Germany soon fell hopelessly behind in its reparations payments. 1923 - France and Belgium occupied the industrial Ruhr region as a means of forcing payment. In protest, workers and employers closed down the factories in the region. Catastrophic inflation ensued, and Germany's fragile economy began quickly to collapse. November 1923 - Germany economy crashed; Nazi Party led by Adolf Hitler launched an abortive coup against Germany's government. The Nazis were crushed and Hitler was imprisoned, but many resentful Germans sympathized with the Nazis and their hatred of the Treaty of Versailles. A decade later, Hitler exploited this continuing bitterness among Germans to seize control of the German state. 1930s - Treaty of Versailles was significantly revised and altered in Germany's favor, but this belated amendment could not stop the rise of German militarism and the subsequent outbreak of World War II; Keynes advocated large-scale government economic planning to keep unemployment low and markets healthy.

1960s - Hyman Minsky, leading authority on monetary theory and financial institutions at Washington University (St. Louis, MO) developed hypothesis of recurring instability (financial fragility, instability) of financial system in capitalist economy - accumulation of debt must eventually curtail firms' investment, lead to financial retrenchment, recession; May 1992 - "financial instability hypothesis" (working paper - Jerome Levy Econ-mics Institute at Bard College): investors assume risk in perceived good times; speculate - assume more risk longer the good time; excessive debt burden - cash generating ability of assets insufficient to servcie debt; suffer losses on speculative assets, lenders call loans; panic - asset values collapse; investors forced to sell non-speculative assets to raise cash to service debt; markets decline, demand for cash acute = so-called "Minsky moment". Examples - - Internet bubble (2000), subprime mortgage crisis (2007).

1968 - Sveriges Riksbank (Bank of Sweden) celebrated 300th anniversary, made donation to Nobel Foundation.; used from 1969 for annual prize in economic sciences "in memory of Alfred Nobel" (called Bank of Sweden Prize in Economics Sciences in memory of Alfred Nobel); assessment winner followed Nobel regulations, prize money same as Nobel prizes.

1974 - Richard A. Easterlin, University Professor and Professor of Economics (University of Southern California) published "Does Economic Growth Improve the Human Lot?" in Paul A. David and Melvin W. Reder, eds., Nations and Households in Economic Growth: Essays in Honor of Moses Abramovitz (New York: Academic Press, Inc.); suggested that despite stellar economic growth in United States since World War II, "higher income was not systematically accompanied by greater happiness"; later found that people were no happier in Japan in 1987 than in 1958, despite a fivefold jump in incomes; called the "Easterlin Paradox" - fact that average self-reported happiness has not risen with average income. April 2008 - Betsey Stevenson and Justin Wolfer, University of Pennsylvania economists, rebutted  the Easterlin Paradox; argue that money indeed tends to bring happiness, even if it doesn’t guarantee it; absolute income seems to matter more than relative income; people in richer countries are more satisfied (is wealth is causing their satisfaction.? Could results reflect cultural differences in how people respond to poll questions?); has satisfaction risen in individual countries as they grew richer? (yes, in some; no in United States, China); economic growth, by itself, not enough to guarantee people’s well-being but its consequences can contribute to satisfaction.

(source: Betsey Stevenson and Justin Wolfer, Wharton School at University of Pennsylvania; http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2008/04/16/business/20080416_LEONHARDT_GRAPHIC.jpg))

1979 - Klaus Scwab founds meeting to discuss European management issues; 2005 - World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland attracts 2,300 participants from 89 countries: independent international organization committed to improving the state of the world by engaging leaders in partnerships to shape global, regional and industry agendas.

October 10, 1995 - University of Chicago professor Robert E. Lucas, Jr., won the Nobel Prize for Economic Science for his exploration of the relationship between human tendencies and macroeconomics (challenged the once sacrosanct assumptions of Keynesian economics); became the sixth University of Chicago professor in six years to be honored with the award; studied how people react to shifts in economic policy; result was the "rational expectations" hypothesis: that people brace themselves for policy changes, which ultimately nullifies the government's efforts to boost the economy.

2007 - USA Today's 25 Trends That Changed America (25 most important trends of the past quarter-century): 1) Diversity, 2) Fight for Equality, 3) Living Longer, 4) Globalization, 5) Global Warming, 6) Gay Rights, 7) homeland Security, 8) Demise of Smoking, 9) Obesity, 10) Technology Customization and Personalization, 11) Suburban Expansion, 12) Supersizing, 13) Sustainable (Green) Movement, 14) Politically Divided Nation, 15) Luxury Consumption, 16) Extended Families, 17) Diet and Exercise Boom, 18) Population Shifts, 19) Anxiety and Depression, 20) Electronic Cash, 21) Living Alone, 22) College Stress, 23) Overt Sexuality, 24) Casinos and State Lotteries, 25) Cosmetic Makeovers (source: http://www.usatoday.com/news/top25-trends.htm)

(Fisher), Robert Loring Allen (1993). Irving Fisher: A Biography. (Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 324 p.). Fisher, Irving, 1887-1947; Economists--United States--Biography.

(Galbraith), John Kenneth Galbraith (1981). A Life in Our Times: Memoirs. (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 563 p.). Academic. Economist, U.S. Politics and Government, 1945-1989.

(Galbraith), James Ro. Stanfield (1996). John Kenneth Galbraith. (New York, NY: St. Martin's Press, 185 p.). Galbraith, John Kenneth, 1908- ; Economics--United States--History--20th century.

(Galbraith), John Kenneth Galbraith updated with a new introduction by the author (1998). The Affluent Society. (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 40th Anniversary ed., 276 p.). Academic. U.S. Econonomic Conditions, 1945.

(Galbraith), Richard Parker (2005). John Kenneth Galbraith: His Life, His Politics, His Economics. (New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 820 p.). Senior Fellow of the Shorenstein Center (Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government). Galbraith, John Kenneth, 1908- ; Economists--United States--Biography. 

(Gerschenkron), Alexander Gerschenkron (1962). Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective, a Book of Essays. (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 456 p.). Professor (Harvard University). Industries--Soviet Union; Industries--Italy; Industries--Bulgaria; Soviet Union--Economic conditions. 

(Gerschenkron), Nicholas Dawidoff (2002). The Fly Swatter: How My Grandfather Made His Way in the World. (New York, NY: Pantheon Books, 353 p.). Gerschenkron, Alexander; Harvard University. Dept. of Economics; Economists--United States--Biography.

(Hayek), Friedrich A. von Hayek with introduction by Milton Friedman (1944). The Road to Serfdom. (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 50th anniversary ed., 274 p. [orig. pub. 1944]). Academic, 1974 Nobel Prize in Economics. Economic Policy, Totalitarianism. 

(Hayek), Alan Ebenstein (2001). Friedrich Hayek. (New York, NY: St. Martin's Press, 403 p.). Economist. Hayek, Friedrich A. von (Friedrich August), 1899- ; Economists--Great Britain--Biography. 

--- (2003). Hayek's Journey: The Mind of Friedrich Hayek. (New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 283 p.). Hayek, Friedrich A. von (Friedrich August), 1899- ; Economists--Austria--Biography; Economics; Austrian school of economics.

(Hayek), Bruce Caldwell (2004). Hayek's Challenge: Intellectual Biography of F.A. Hayek. (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 416 p.). Editor, "The Collected Works of F. A. Hayek". Hayek, Friedrich A. von (Friedrich August), 1899- ; Economists--Austria--Biography; Economics. 

(Jevons), Harro Maas (2005). William Stanley Jevons and the Making of Modern Economics. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 352 p.). Lecturer in History and Methodology of Economics (University of Amsterdam). Jevons, William Stanley, 1835-1882; Neoclassical school of economics--History--19th century; Marginal utility--History--19th century; Economics--History--19th century. 

(Jevons), Bert Mosselmans (2007). Jevons’ Economics: William Stanley Jevons and the Cutting Edge of Economics. (New York, NY: Routledge, 160 p.). Associate Professor of Economics and Philosophy (Roosevelt Academy, Middelburg, the Netherlands). Jevons, William Stanley, 1835-1882; Economists--Great Britain--Biography; Economics--Great Britain--History--19th century. Situates Jevons within history of economic thought, in relation to his logic, ethics, religion,  aesthetics. 

(Keynes), John Maynard Keynes (1936). The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. (New York, NY: Harcourt , Brace & World, 403 p.). Economics-Monetary Policy, Interest. Classic. 

(Keynes), Robert Lekachman (1966). The Age of Keynes. (New York, NY: Random House, 324 p.). Keynes, John Maynard, 1883-1946; Keynesian economics.

(Keynes), Hyman P. Minsky (1975). John Maynard Keynes. (New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 181 p.). Keynes, John Maynard, 1883-1946. General theory of employment, interest, and money; Keynesian economics.

(Keynes), Robert M. Collins (1981). The Business Response to Keynes, 1929-1964. (New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 293 p.). Keynesian economics--History; Industrial policy--United States--History; United States--Economic policy.

(Keynes), Roy Harrod (1982). The Life of John Maynard Keynes. (New York, NY: Norton, 674 p. [orig. pub. 1951]). Keynes, John Maynard, 1883-1946; Economists--Great Britain--Biography; Keynesian economics.

(Keynes), Robert Skidelsky (1983). John Maynard Keynes: A Biography, Volume One: Hopes Betrayed, 1883-1920. (London, UK: Macmillan, Volume 1). Keynes, John Maynard, 1883-1946; Economists--Great Britain--Biography. Hopes betrayed, 1883-1920.

(Keynes), Robert Skidelsky (1986). John Maynard Keynes: Volume Two: The Economist As Savior, 1920-1937. (New York, NY: Viking, Vol. 2). Keynes, John Maynard, 1883-1946; Economists--Great Britain--Biography.   

(Keynes), Robert Skidelsky (2002). John Maynard Keynes, Volume Three: Fighting for Freedom, 1937-1946. (New York, NY: Viking, 580 p., Vol. 3). Professor of Political Economy (University of Warwick). Keynes, John Maynard, 1883-1946; Economists--Great Britain--Biography. 

(Keynes), Charles H. Hession (1984). John Maynard Keynes: A Personal Biography of the Man Who Revolutionized Capitalism and the Way We Live. (New York, NY: Macmillan, 400 p.). Keynes, John Maynard, 1883-1946; Economists--Great Britain--Biography.

(Keynes), ed. Polly Hill and Richard Keynes (1989). Lydia and Maynard: The Letters of Lydia Lopokova and John Maynard Keynes. (New York, NY: Scribner, 367 p.). Keynes, John Maynard, 1883-1946 --Correspondence; Lopokova, Lydia, 1892-1981 --Correspondence; Economists--Great Britain--Correspondence.

(Keynes), Alessandro Vercelli (1991). Methodological Foundations of Macroeconomics : Keynes and Lucas. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 269 p.). Keynes, John Maynard, 1883-1946; Lucas, Robert E.; Macroeconomics.

(Keynes), Donald E. Moggridge (1992). Maynard Keynes: An Economist's Biography. (New York, NY: Routledge, 941 p.). Keynes, John Maynard, 1883-1946; Economists--Great Britain--Biography; Educators--Great Britain--Biography; Bloomsbury group.

(Keynes), Donald E. Moggridge (1993). Keynes. (Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press, 191 p. (3rd ed.)). Keynes, John Maynard, 1883-1946; Keynesian economics; Economists--Great Britain--Biography.

(Keynes), David Felix (1995). Biography of an Idea: John Maynard Keynes and The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money. (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 285 p.). Keynes, John Maynard, 1883-1946; Keynes, John Maynard, 1883-1946. General theory of employment, interest, and money; Economists--Great Britain--Biography; Economics--History--20th century; Economic history--20th century.

(Keynes), Robert Skidelsky (1996). Keynes. (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 136 p.). Keynes, John Maynard, 1883-1946; Economists--Great Britain--Biography; Keynesian economics.

(Keynes), David Felix (1999). Keynes: A Critical Life. (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 322 p.). Keynes, John Maynard, 1883-1946; Economists--Great Britain--Biography; Keynesian economics.

(Keynes), Tim Congdon (2007). Keynes, the Keynesians and Monetarism: Betrayed by Their Disciples. (Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar, 339 p.). Founder of Lombard Street Research. Keynes, John Maynard, 1883-1946; Monetary policy -- history; Fiscal policy -- history. History of monetary policy in post-war Britain. Keynes’s contributions to monetary policy overlooked by those fixated on Keynes’s contributions to fiscal policy.

(Keynes), Gilles Dostaler (2007). Keynes and His Battles. (Northampton, MA: Elgar, 374 p.). Professor of Economics (Université du Québec á Montréal, Canada). Keynes, John Maynard, 1883-1946; Economists--Great Britain--Biography. Battles that Keynes led (politics, philosophy, art, economics) to radically transform society to create better world, pacified and freed from neurotic pursuit of financial wealth and economic rentability, with art at its pinnacle.

(Marshall), Peter Groenewegen (1995). A Soaring Eagle: Alfred Marshall, 1842-1924. (Brookfield, VT: E. Elgar, 874 p.). Professor of Economics (University of Sydney, Australia).  Marshall, Alfred, 1842-1924; Neoclassical school of economics; Economists--Great Britain--Biography.

--- (2007). Alfred Marshall: Economist 1842-1924. (New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 224 p.). Professor of Economics (University of Sydney, Australia). Marshall, Alfred, 1842-1924; Neoclassical school of economics; Economists--Great Britain--Biography. Overview of Alfred Marshall's life and work in economics.

(Mill), Richard Reeves (2007). John Stuart Mill: Victorian Firebrand. (New York, NY: Atlantic, 616 p.). Mill, John Stuart. Richness, contradictoriness of Mill’s theories, his integrity forced him to modify them in light of his experience. Wanted freedom from constraints, "positive liberty" (virtuous conduct, appreciation of arts, intellectual debate).

(Modigliani), Franco Modigliani (2001). Adventures of an Economist. (New York, NY: Texere, 287 p). Institute Professor Emeritus at MIT, Nobel Prize for Economics in 1985. Modigliani, Franco; Economists--Italy--Biography. 

(Modigliani), Michael Szenberg and Lall Ramrattan (2008). Franco Modigliani: A Mind That Never Rests. (New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 289 p.). Chair and Distinguished Professor of Economics in the Lubin School of Business (Pace University); Instructor with the University of California, Berkeley Extension. Modigliani, Franco; Economists--Italy; Keynesian economics. Overview of Modigliani's life, his place in Twentieth century economics, his influential theories (contribution to Keynesian consumption hypothesis, corporate invariance hypothesis, stabilization policies, econometric model building, legacy and influence in contemporary economics).

(Ohlin), Edited by Ronald Findlay, Lars Jonung, and Mats Lundahl (2002). Bertil Ohlin: A Centennial Celebration, 1899-1999. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 546 p.). Ohlin, Bertil Gotthard, 1899- ; Economists--Sweden--Biography; Heckscher-Ohlin principle. 

(Penrose), Edith Penrose ; with a new foreword by the author (1995). The Theory of the Growth of the Firm. (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 272 p. [3rd ed.]). Professor at the School of Oriental and African Studies (University of London), Chair of economics department, Professor and a Dean at the Institut Europeen d'Administration des Affaires (Fontainebleau, France). Industries --Size. "Resource based view of the firm" - ways companies grow, reasons why they do; managerial activities, decisions, organizational routines, knowledge creation within company - critical to ability of firm to grow.

(Penrose), Ed. by Christos Pitelis (2002). The Growth of the Firm: The Legacy of Edith Penrose. (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 330 p.). Director of the Centre for International Business and Management at the Judge Institute of Management Studies (Cambridge University). Penrose, Edith Tilton; Corporations --Growth; Industrial organization (Economic theory); International business enterprises; Technological innovations --Economic aspects; Capitalism; Human capital; Economic development. Fifteen chapters by leading contributors on her theory of firm - reinvented,  productively developed classical tradition in economics, informed currently dominant, knowledge-based theory of firm.

(Ricardo), Oswald St. Clair (1965). A Key to Ricardo. (New York, NY: A. M. Kelley, 364 p. [orig. pub. 1957]). Ricardo, David, 1772-1823; Ricardo, David, 1772-1823. The principles of political economy and taxation.

(Ricardo), Samuel Hollander (1979). The Economics of David Ricardo. (Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press, 759 p.). University Professor Emeritus (University of Toronto). Ricardo, David, 1772-1823.; Economics--Great Britain--History.

(Ricardo), Samuel Hollander (1995). Ricardo, The New View. (New York, NY: Routledge, 369 p.). Ricardo, David, 1772-1823; Economists--Great Britain.

(Say), Selected and Translated by R. R. Palmer (1997). An Economist in Troubled Times: Writings. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 167 p.). Say, Jean Baptiste, 1767-1832; Economics; Economics--France--History--Sources; Economists--France--Correspondence. 

(Say), Evelyn L. Forget (1999). The Social Economics of Jean-Baptiste Say: Markets and Virtue. (New York, NY: Routledge, 311 p.). University of Manitoba. Say, Jean Baptiste, 1767-1832.; Markets; Virtue.

(Say), Samuel Hollander (2005). Jean-Baptiste Say and the Classical Canon in Economics: The British Connection in French Classicism. (New York, NY: Routledge, 322 p.). University Professor Emeritus (University of Toronto), Professor of Economics at the Department of Economics (Ben-Gurion University). Say, Jean Baptiste, 1767-1832; Ricardo, David, 1772-1823 --Influence; Classical school of economics; Economics--France--History--19th century; Economics--Great Britain--History--19th century. Clash between the economics of Jean-Baptiste Say and of David Ricardo.

(Schumpeter), Joseph A. Schumpeter (1942). Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy. (New York, NY: Harper & Brothers, 381 p.). Socialism; Capitalism; Democracy.

(Schumpeter), Compiled by Michael I. Stevenson (1985). Joseph Alois Schumpeter: A Bibliography, 1905-1984. (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 137 p.). Joseph Schumpeter, Economics. 653-item Schumpeter bibliography. 

(Schumpeter), Robert Loring Allen; foreword by Walt W. Rostow (1991). Opening Doors: The Life and Work of Joseph Schumpeter: Volume I: Europe. (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2 vols.). Schumpeter, Joseph Alois, 1883-1950; Economists--United States--Biography.

(Schumpeter), Robert Loring Allen; foreword by Walt W. Rostow (1991). Opening Doors: The Life and Work of Joseph Schumpeter: Volume 2: America. (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2 vols.). Schumpeter, Joseph Alois, 1883-1950; Economists--United States--Biography.

(Schumpeter), Eduard März (1991). Joseph Schumpeter: Scholar, Teacher, and Politician. (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 204 p.). Schumpeter, Joseph Alois, 1883-195; Economists--United States--Biography; Economists--Austria--Biography.

(Schumpeter), Richard Swedberg (1991). Schumpeter: A Biography. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 293 p.). Schumpeter, Joseph Alois, 1883-1950; Economists--United States--Biography.

(Schumpeter), Joseph A. Schumpeter; edited by Richard Swedberg (1991). The Economics and Sociology of Capitalism. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 492 p.). Schumpeter, Joseph Alois, 1883-1950; Capitalism.

(Schumpeter), Wolfgang F. Stolper (1994). Joseph Alois Schumpeter: The Public Life of a Private Man. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 400 p.). Schumpeter, Joseph Alois, 1883-1950; Economists--United States--Biography; Economists--Austria--Biography; Economics--History--20th century.

(Schumpeter), Richard N. Langlois (2007). The Dynamics of Industrial Capitalism: Schumpeter, Chandler, and the New Economy. (New York, NY: Routledge, 122 p.). Professor of Economics (University of Connecticut). Schumpeter, Joseph Alois, 1883-1950; Chandler, Alfred D. (Alfred Dupont), 1918-2007; Industrial organization (Economic theory); Big business; Corporations; Capitalism. Shift of organizational landscape towards more specialized entities connected by markets and networks; places work of Schumpeter and Chandler in larger theoretical framework; offers account of rise, success of corporation and its subsequent unbundling.

(Schumpeter), Thomas K. McCraw (2007). Prophet of Innovation: Joseph Schumpeter and Creative Destruction. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 719 p.). Straus Professor of Business History Emeritus (Harvard Business School). Schumpeter, Joseph Alois, 1883-1950; Economists--United States--Biography; Capitalism. Bedrock economic principle - destruction of businesses, fortunes, products, careers is price of progress toward better material life (Pan Am, Gimbel's, Pullman, Douglas Aircraft, Digital Equipment Corporation, British Leyland).  

(Smith), Adam Smith (1776-). An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. (Dublin, IR: Whitestone, 3 vols.). Economics.

(Smith), James Buchan (2006). The Authentic Adam Smith: His Life and Ideas. (New York, NY: Norton, 256 p.). Smith, Adam, 1723-1790; Economists--Great Britain--Biography; Economics. One of most ambitious philosophical enterprises ever attempted: search for a just foundation for modern commercial society both in private and in public. 

(Smith), E.A.J. Johnson (1937). Predecessors of Adam Smith; The Growth of British Economic Thought. (New York, NY: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 426 p.). Smith, Adam, 1723-1790; Economists--Great Britain; Economics--Great Britain--History.

(Smith), Samuel Hollander (1973). The Economics of Adam Smith. (Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press, 351 p.). University Professor Emeritus (University of Toronto). Smith, Adam, 1723-1790.

(Smith), Eli Ginzberg (2002). Adam Smith and the Founding of Market Economics. (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 265 p. [orig. pub. 1934]). Smith, Adam, 1723-1790; Capitalism; Free enterprise. Attempt to reconstruct and interpret in Wealth of nations. Previously published as: The House of Adam Smith.

(Smith), Roy C. Smith (2002). Adam Smith and the Origins of American Enterprise: How America's Industrial Success Was Forged by the Timely Ideas of a Brilliant Scots Economist. (New York, NY: St. Martin's Press, 224 p.). Smith, Adam, 1723-1790; Free enterprise--United States--History; United States--Economic conditions--To 1865.

(Smith), Jerry Evensky (2005). Adam Smith's Moral Philosophy. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 352 p.). Professor of Economics (Syracuse University). Smith, Adam, 1723-1790; Smith, Adam, 1723-1790. Inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations; Smith, Adam, 1723-1790; Theory of moral sentiments; Smith, Adam, 1723-1790 --Criticism and interpretation; Economics--Moral and ethical aspects; Ethics; Teleology; Equality. Smith's moral philosophy and its links to his political economy and lectures on jurisprudence.

(Smith), Gavin Kennedy (2005). Adam Smith's Lost Legacy. (New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 285 p.). Smith, Adam, 1723-1790; Economists--Great Britain--Biography; Economics.

(Smith), James Buchan (2006). The Authentic Adam Smith: His Life and Ideas. (New York, NY: Norton, 256 p.). Smith, Adam, 1723-1790; Economists--Great Britain--Biography; Economics. The Wealth of Nations and The Theory of Moral Sentiments are brilliant fragments of search for a just foundation for modern commercial society.

(Smith), Duncan K. Foley (2006). Adam’s Fallacy: A Guide to Economic Theology. (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 265 p.). Leo Model Professor (New School for Social Research). Smith, Adam, 1723-1790. Inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations; Economics--Philosophy. Criticism of artificial division between economic sphere (pursuit of self-interest leads to social good) and social sphere (good results from unselfish actions).

(Veblen), Thorstein Veblen (1904). The Theory of Business Enterprise. (New York, NY: Scribner, 400 p.). Business; Capital. May have been the first book to have ever examined the underlying principles of business management. 

(Veblen), Joseph Dorfman with new appendices (1966). Thorstein Veblen and His America. (New York, NY: A.M. Kelley, 572 p. [orig. pub. 1934]). Veblen, Thorstein, 1857-1929; Economics--United States--History; Socialism--United States. 

(Veblen), J.A. Hobson (1990). Veblen. (Fairfield, NJ: A. M. Kelley, 227 p. [orig. pub. 1936]). Veblen, Thorstein, 1857-1929.

(Veblen), John Patrick Diggins (1999). Thorstein Veblen: Theorist of the Leisure Class. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 310 p. [orig. pub. 1978]). Veblen, Thorstein, 1857-1929.; Economists--United States--Biography; Social reformers--United States--Biography; Economics--United States--History; Social history. 

(Veblen), Stephen Edgell (2001). Veblen in Perspective: His Life and Thought. (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 207 p.). Professor of sociology (Salford University in England). Veblen, Thorstein, 1857-1929; Economists--United States--Biography; Institutional economics. 

(Veblen), Thorstein Veblen; introduction by Alan Wolfe; notes by James Danly (2001). The Theory of the Leisure Class. (New York, NY: Modern Library, 400 p. [orig. pub. 1899]). Leisure class. 

(Veblen), Edited by Janet T. Knoedler, Robert E. Prasch, and Dell P. Champlin (2007). Thorstein Veblen and the Revival of Free Market Capitalism. (Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar. Chair of the Department of Economics (Bucknell University); Department of Economics (Middlebury College); Visiting Professor of Economics (Western Washington University). Veblen, Thorstein, 1857-1929; Free enterprise; Capitalism; Right of property; Democracy. Review, comment on subjects that concerned Veblen: legal system, finance and capital,  operation of markets, neoclassical economics, private property, cultural and economic change, place of science,  higher education; how his evolutionary theory of economy,  society can help understand modern world.

(von Mises), Ludwig von Mises (1996). Human Action: A Treatise on Economics. (Irvington-on-Hudson, N.Y.: Foundation for Economic Education, 906 p. [4th rev. ed., orig. pub. 1949]). Founder of "Austrian" School of Economics, Mentor to Friedrich Hayek (Nobel Prize-winner). Economics; Commerce.

Daron Acemoglu, James A. Robinson (2005). Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 540 p.). Charles P. Kindleberger Professor of Applied Economics in the Department of Economics (Massachusetts Institute of Technology); Professor of Government (Harvard University). Democracy--Economic aspects; Democratization; Equality; Political culture; Dictatorship; Comparative government.  Common understanding of the development of democracy in diverse countries.

Walter Adams and James W. Brock (1986). The Bigness Complex: Industry, Labor, and Government in the American Economy. (New York, NY: Pantheon Books, 426 p.). Professor of Economics (Michigan State), Professor (Miami University of Ohio). Big business--United States; Industrial concentration--United States; Industries--Size--United States; Industrial efficiency--United States; Competition--United States; Trade regulation--United States. Authors write about concerns of excessive concentration of economic power and its dangers to a free society.

--- (1999). The Tobacco Wars. (Cincinnati, OH: South-Western College Pub., 209 p.). Professor of Economics, Antitrust Expert (Michigan State). Tobacco habit--Government policy--United States; Tobacco industry--United States; Tobacco smoke pollution--United States; Tobacco--Physiological effect. Form of a play to teach economics. Author reflects concerns about concentration of corporate (economic) power (helped shape government policy).

Dan Ariely (2008). Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our Decisions. (New York, NY: HarperCollins, 304 p.). Alfred P. Sloan Professor of Behavioral Economics at Sloan School of Management (MIT). Economics--behavioral. How expectations, emotions, social norms, other invisible, seemingly illogical forces skew reasoning abilities; people make astonishingly simple mistakes every day - same types of mistakes (consistently overpay, underestimate, procrastinate);  fail to understand profound effects of emotions, overvalue what we already own; how to break through systematic patterns of thought to make better decisions.

Sarah Babb (2001). Managing Mexico: Economists from Nationalism to Neoliberalism. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 295 p.). Department of Sociology (Boston College). Economists--Mexico; Economics--Mexico--History--20th century; Globalization; Mexico--Economic policy. 

Giovanni Arrighi (2007). Adam Smith in Beijing. (New York, NY: Verso, 420 p.). Professor of Sociology (Johns Hopkins University). Smith, Adam, 1723-1790; Economics--Sociological aspects; International economic relations; China--Economic conditions--21st century. Smith's continued relevance to understanding China's rise; events that have brought it about, increasing dependence of US wealth, power on Chinese imports, purchases of US Treasury bonds; how US failure in Iraq has made China true winner of US War on Terror.

Roger E. Backhouse (1994). Economists and the Economy: The Evolution of Economic Ideas, 1600 to the Present Day. (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 260 p. [2nd ed.]). Chair in the History and Philosophy of Economics (University of Birmingham). Economics; Economic history. 

Vincent Barnett (2005). A History of Russian Economic Thought. (New York, NY: Routledge, 256 p.). Centre for Russian and East European Studies (University of Birmingham). Economics--Russia--History; Economics--Soviet Union--History. Historical development of Russian and Soviet economic thought across the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Bernard Baumohl (2008). The Secrets of Economic Indicators: Hidden Clues to Future Economic Trends and Investment Opportunities. (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Wharton School Pub., 401 p. [2nd ed.]). Former Senior Economics Reporter (TIME Magazine). Economic forecasting; Economic indicators; Business forecasting. Every U.S., foreign indicator that matters; where to find them; what they look like; what insiders know about their track records; how to interpret them.

Gary S. Becker (1957). The Economics of Discrimination. (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 137 p.). Discrimination in employment--United States; African Americans--Employment; African Americans--Economic conditions. Economic effects of discrimination in the market place because of race, religion, sex, color, social class, personality, or other non-pecuniary considerations. Author demonstrates that discrimination in market place by any group reduces their own real incomes as well as those of the minority.

Gary S. Becker (1971). The Economics of Discrimination. (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 178 p. [2nd ed.]). Professor of Economics and Sociology (University of Chicago). Discrimination in employment--United States; African Americans--Employment; African Americans--Economic conditions. Economic effects of discrimination in market place because of race, religion, sex, color, social class, personality, other non-pecuniary considerations; discrimination by any group reduces their own real incomes, those of minority.

Gary S. Becker, Guity Nashat Becker (1997). The Economics of Life: From Baseball to Affirmative Action to Immigration, How Real-World Issues Affect Our Everyday Life. (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 329 p.). Professor of Economics and Sociology (University of Chicago), 1992 Winner of Nobel Prize Economic Science; Associate Professor of History (Unversity of Illinois at Chicago).  Economic history--1990-; Social history--1970-. Economic theory applied to human behavior; daily actions, choices influenced more than we know by market forces, economic incentives.

John Berdell (2002). International Trade and Economic Growth in Open Economies: The Classical Dynamics of Hume, Smith, Ricardo and Malthus. (Northampton, MA: E. Elgar Pub., 186 p.). International trade; Economic development; Classical school of economics.

Mark Blaug (1988). Great Economists Before Keynes: An Introduction to the Lives & Works of One Hundred Great Economists of the Past. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 286 p.). Economists--Biography.

--- (1998). Great Economists Since Keynes: An Introduction to the Lives & Works of One Hundred Modern Economists. (Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar, 312 p. [2nd ed.]). Economists--Biography.

Ester Boserup (1965). The Conditions of Agricultural Growth; The Economics of Agrarian Change Under Population Pressure. With a Foreword by Nicholas Kaldor. (London, UK: Allen & Unwin, 124 p.). United Nations Consultant in Developing Countries. Agriculture--Economic aspects; Population. 

Luigino Bruni, Pier Luigi Porta (2006). Economics and Happiness : Framing the Analysis. (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 384 p.). Economics--Psychological aspects; Happiness--Economic aspects; Well-being; Economics--History. Economics and happiness, its relationship with economic thought. 

Todd G. Buchholz ; with a foreword by Martin Feldstein (1999). New Ideas from Dead Economists: An Introduction to Modern Economic Thought. (New York, NY: Plume, 332 p. [rev. ed.]). Economists--Biography; Economics--History. 

Laurie Winn Carlson (2005). William J. Spillman and the Birth of Agricultural Economics. (Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 210 p.). Spillman, W. J.; United States. Dept. of Agriculture--History; Agricultural economists--Biography; Agriculture--Economic aspects--United States--History; Agricultural education--United States--History. 

Richard E. Caves (1992). American Industry: Structure, Conduct, Performance. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 132 p. [7th ed.]). Industries--United States; Industrial concentration--United States; Restraint of trade--United States.

A.W. Coats (1992). On the History of Economic Thought. (New York, NY: Routledge, 495 p.). Research Professor of Economics (Duke University), Emeritus Professor of Economic and Social History (University of Nottingham). Economics--Great Britain--History; Economics--United States--History.

Ed. A.W. Bob Coats (1999). The Development of Economics in Western Europe Since 1945. (New York, NY: Routledge, 262 p.). Research Professor of Economics (Duke University), Emeritus Professor of Economic and Social History (University of Nottingham). Economics--Europe, Western--History--20th century.

Diane Coyle (2007). A Soulful Science: What Economists Really Do and Why It Matters. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 288 p.). Visiting Professor (University of Manchester), Former Economics Editor (Independent). Economics--Psychological aspects; Economics--Sociological aspects. Humanization of economics over past two decades; how better data, increased computing power, techniques (game theory) have transformed economic theory/practice, enabled economists to better understanding human behavior.

Robert W. Dimand (1988). The Origins of the Keynesian Revolution: The Development of Keynes' Theory of Employment and Output. (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 213 p.). Keynesian economics; Employment (Economic theory); Production (Economic theory).

Richard A. Easterlin (2004). The Reluctant Economist: Perspectives on Economics, Economic History and Demography. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 284 p.). University Professor and Professor of Economics (University of Southern California). Economic history; Demography; United States--Economic conditions.

William Easterly (2001). The Elusive Quest for Growth: Economists' Adventures and Misadventures in the Tropics.  (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 342 p.). Senior Fellow at the Center for Global Development and the Institute for International Economics. Poor--Developing countries; Poverty--Developing countries; Developing countries--Economic policy. Modern growth theory with anecdotes from fieldwork for the World Bank.

Lanny Ebenstein (2007). Milton Friedman: A Biography. (New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 272 p.). Friedman, Milton, 1912-2006; Economists--United States--Biography. Friedman's life,  development as economic theorist - hero of libertarianism, laissez-faire economics.

Robert Eisner (1994). The Misunderstood Economy: What Counts and How To Count It. (Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 222 p.). Economics--United States; United States--Economic conditions--1981-.

Ed. by Ross Emmett (2001). The Chicago Tradition in Economics, 1892-1945. (New York, NY: Routledge, 3352 p. [8 vols.]). Associate Professor (James Madison College). Chicago school of economics. 

James F. English (2005). The Economy of Prestige: Prizes, Awards, and the Circulation of Cultural Value. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 432 p.). Professor, Chair of English (University of Pennsylvania). Awards--Economic aspects; Literary prizes--Economic aspects; Art--Awards--Economic aspects; Culture--Economic aspects; Intellectual life--Economic aspects; Popular culture--Economic aspects; Cultural industries--Economic aspects; Value; Prestige. Exposes the business and culture of prizes.

Joseph Finkelstein [and] Alfred L. Thimm (1973). Economists and Society; The Development of Economic Thought from Aquinas to Keynes. (New York, NY: Harper & Row, 366 p.). Economics -- History.

Robert H. Frank (2007). The Economic Naturalist: In Search of Answers to Everyday Enigmas. (New York, NY: Basic Books, 226 p.). Professor of Management and Professor of Economics at the Johnson Graduate School of Management (Cornell University). Economics. Basic economic principles to answer intriguing questions from everyday life; key economic ideas.

Benjamin M. Friedman (2005). The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth. (New York, NY: Knopf, 592 p.). William Joseph Maier Professor of Political Economy, Former Chairman of the Department of Economics (Harvard University). Economic development--Moral and ethical aspects; Income distribution; Political participation; Democracy. Economic growth is a prerequisite for the creation of a liberal, open society.

David Friedman (1996). Hidden Order: The Economics of Everyday Life. (New York, NY: HarperBusiness, 340 p.). Visiting Professor of Economics (Santa Clara University). Economics; Consumer behavior. Why we make the choices we do and a sensible strategy for how to make the right ones.

Masahisa Fujita, Jacques-François Thisse (2002). Economics of Agglomeration: Cities, Industrial Location, and Regional Growth. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 466 p.). Space in economics; Regional economics; Industrial location.

Francis Fukuyama (1995). Trust: Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity. (New York, NY: Free Press, 457 p.). Economics -- Moral and ethical aspects; Trust; Virtue; Economic history -- 1945-.

Erik Grimmer-Solem (2003). The Rise of Historical Economics and Social Reform in Germany, 1864-1894. (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 338 p.). Schmoller, Gustav von, 1838-1917; Historical school of economics; Germany--Economic conditions--19th century. 

Peter Groenewegen (2002). Eighteenth Century Economics: Turgot, Beccaria and Smith and Their Contemporaries. (New York, NY: Routledge, 421 p.). Smith, Adam, 1723-1790; Turgot, Anne-Robert-Jacques, baron de l'Aulne, 1727-1781; Quesnay, François, 1694-1774; Economics--History--18th century; Free trade--History--18th century; Physiocrats.

Lewis H. Haney (1911). History of Economic Thought; a Critical Account of the Origin and Development of the Economic Theories of the Leading Thinkers in the Leading Nations. (New York, NY: The Macmillan Company, 567 p.). Economics--History.

Tim Harford (2005). The Undercover Economist. (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 276 p.). Financial Times Magazine "Dear Economist" Columnist. Economic history, 1990- ; Economics; Consumer education. How free market economic forces affect underpin aspects of everyday life.

--- (2008). The Hidden Logic of Life: The Surprisingly Rational Choices That Shape Our World. (New York, NY: Random House, 272 p.). Financial Times Magazine "Dear Economist" Columnist. Economics--Psychological aspects; Rational expectations (Economic theory). Human beings are rational, respond to incentives, rewards.

Timothy J. Hatton, Jeffrey G. Williamson (1998). The Age of Mass Migration: Causes and Economic Impact. (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 301 p.). Emigration and immigration--Economic aspects--History; Alien labor--History; Labor market--History. About 55 million Europeans migrated to the New World between 1850 and 1914, landing in North and South America and in Australia; marked profound shift in distribution of global population, economic activity. 

Timothy Hatton and Jeffrey G. Williamson (2005). Global Migration and the World Economy: Two Centuries of Policy and Performance. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 471 p.). Professor of Economics (Australian National University and University of Essex); Laird Bell Professor of Economics (Harvard University). Emigration and immigration--Economic aspects--History; Emigration and immigration--Government policy. Economic performance of two world migrations (1820-1914; 1950 on), policy reactions to deal with them, political economy that connected one with the other.

Henry Hazlitt (1996). Economics in One Lesson. (New Rochelle, NY: Arlington House, 218 p. [50th Anniversary Ed.]). Columnist, Newsweek Magazine. Economics.

Robert L. Heilbroner (1999). The Worldly Philosophers: The Lives, Times, and Ideas of the Great Economic Thinkers. (New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 365 p. [7th ed., orig. pub. 1953]). Economists--Biography; Economics--History. 

Robert Heilbroner and Lester Thurow (1998). Economics Explained: Everything You Need To Know About How the Economy Works and Where It's Going. (New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 240 p. [rev. and updated]). Economics; United States--Economic conditions--1945-.

Elhanan Helpman (2004). The Mystery of Economic Growth. (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 223 p.). Economic development; Saving and investment; Production (Economic theory). 

David R. Henderson, Charles L. Hooper (2006). Making Great Decisions in Business and Life. ( Chicago Park, CA: Chicago Park Press, 287 p.). Associate Professor of Economics in the Graduate School of Business and Public Policy (Naval Postgraduate School). Decision analysis; opportunity costs; information--Economic aspects. Work smarter.

Abraham Hirsch and Neil de Marchi (1990). Milton Friedman: Economics in Theory and Practice. (New York, NY: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 325 p.). Friedman, Milton, 1912- ;Economics -- Methodology.

Eds. Richard P. F. Holt and Steven Pressman (2005). Empirical Post Keynesian Economics: Looking at the Real World. (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 340 p.). Economics; Keynesian economics. 

Kevin D. Hoover (1999). The Legacy of Robert Lucas, Jr.: The Economic Legacy of Robert Lucas. (Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar, 3 vols.). Lucas, Robert E.; Economics--United States--History; Neoclassical school of economics. How revolution in economics, wrought by Joseph E. Stiglitz and economics of information, has provided new methods, answers to solving economic problems, especially for poor nations of world; 230 years of economic thought, folklore into question; free enterprise, market once respected does not exist.

Gerald L. Houseman (2008). Economics in a Changed Universe: Joseph E. Stiglitz, Globalization, and the Death of "Free Enterprise". (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 157 p.). Professor of Political Science (Indiana University at Fort Wayne). Stiglitz, Joseph E.; Free enterprise; Information theory in economics; Globalization. How revolution in economics, wrought by Joseph E. Stiglitz and economics of information has provided new methods, answers to solving economic problems, especially for poor nations of world; 230 years of economic thought, folklore into question; free enterprise, market once respected does not exist. 

Ed. Lars Jonung (1991). The Stockholm School of Economics Revisited. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 471 p.). Handelshogskolan i Stockholm--History--Congresses; Economics--Sweden--History--Congresses; Economics--Study and teaching (Higher)--Sweden--History--Congresses. 

Ed. Thomas R. Keene; with a foreword by Kenneth S. Rogoff and an afterword by Peter L. Bernstein (2005). Flying on One Engine: The Bloomberg Book of Master Market Economists: Fourteen Views on the World Economy. (New York, NY: Bloomberg Press, 264 p.). CFA, Editor-at-Large to Bloomberg News. Globalization--Economic aspects[ International finance; Investments; United States--Foreign economic relations. Methods, insights, and predictions of Wall Street’s top market economists.

Charles P. Kindleberger (1991). The Life of an Economist: An Autobiography. (Cambridge, MA: B. Blackwell, 228 p.). Kindleberger, Charles Poor, 1910-; Economists -- United States -- Biography.

Arjo Klamer and David Colander (1990). The Making of an Economist. (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 216 p.). Economics -- Study and teaching (Graduate) -- United States; Economists -- United States; Graduate students -- United States.

Frank H. Knight (1964). Risk, Uncertainty and Profit. (New York, NY: A. M. Kelley, 381 p. [orig. pub. 1921]). Risk; Profit.

Janos Kornai; Translated by John Knapp (1959). Overcentralization in Economic Administration; A Critical Analysis Based on Experience in Hungarian Light Industry. (London, UK: Oxford University Press, 236 p.). Industries--Hungary; Hungary--Economic policy.

--- (2007). By Force of Thought: Irregular Memoirs of an Intellectual Journey. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 461 p.). Distinguished Hungarian Economist. Kornai, Janos; Economists--Hungary--Biography. Economic thought, socialist systems, postsocialist transition, Eastern European intellectual life before, during, after communism; author traces lifelong intellectual journey; describes his research; makes vivid the  difficulties faced by critic of central planning in communist country.

Herman E. Krooss (1970). Executive Opinion; What Business Leaders Said and Thought on Economic Issues, 1920s-1960s. (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 438 p.). Businesspeople--United States; Executives--United States.

Paul Krugman (1998). The Accidental Theorist: And Other Dispatches from the Dismal Science. (New York, NY: Norton, 204 p.). Economics. Collection of essays.

Paul Krugman (2007). The Conscience of a Liberal. (New York, NY: Norton, 352 p.). Professor of Economics and International Affairs, Woodrow Wilson School (Princeton University), Economics Columnist (New York Times). Income distribution--United States; Equality--United States; United States--Economic conditions; United States--Politics and government; United States--Social policy. Past eighty years of American history: 1) what happened to middle-class America, 2) what it will take to achieve a "new New Deal".

Robert Kuttner (1997). Everything for Sale: The Virtues and Limits of Markets. (New York, NY: Knopf, 410 p.). Industrial policy--United States; Environmental policy--United States; Full employment policies--United States; Capitalism--United States; Free enterprise--United States; United States--Economic policy--1993-2001; United States--Commercial policy.

Simon S. Kuznets (1966). Modern Economic Growth: Rate, Structure, and Spread. (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 529 p.). Economic development. Redefined the study of economic growth.

Steven E. Landsburg (1993). The Armchair Economist: Economics and Everyday Life. (New York, NY: Free Press, 241 p.). Teaches Economics (University of Rochester). Economics--Sociological aspects.

--- (2007). More Sex Is Safer Sex: The Unconventional Wisdom of Economics. (New York, NY: Free Press, 288 p.). Associate Professor of Economics (University of Rochester). Economics--Sociological aspects; Paradoxes; United States--Economic conditions--21st century. Many apparently very odd behaviors have logical explanations; many apparently logical behaviors make no sense whatsoever. 

Richard Layard (2005). Happiness: Lessons from a New Science. (New York, NY: Penguin Press, 320 p.). Founder-Director of Centre for Economic Performance (London School of Economics); Member of the House of Lords. Happiness.

Robert Lekachman (1976). A History of Economic Ideas. (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 427 p. [Reprint 1959 ed.]). Economics--History.

--- (1976). Economists at Bay: Why the Experts Will Never Solve Your Problems. (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 311 p.). Economics; Economists.

--- (1982). Greed Is Not Enough: Reaganomics. (New York, NY: Pantheon Books, 213 p.). Supply-side economics--United States; United States--Economic policy--1971-1981.

Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie; Translated with an introd. by John Day (1974). The Peasants of Languedoc. (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 370 p.). Peasantry--France--Languedoc--History; Agriculture--Economic aspects--France--Languedoc--History. 

Maurice D. Levi (1985). Thinking Economically: How Economic Principles Can Contribute to Clear Thinking. (New York, NY: Basic Books, 281 p.). Economics.

Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner (2005). Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything. (New York, NY: Morrow, 256 p.). Professor of Economics (University of Chicago); Journalist. Economics--Psychological aspects; Economics--Sociological aspects. 

Ed. and with Introduction by Michael Lewis (2007). The Real Price of Everything: The Classics of Economics. (New York, NY: Sterling, 1,472 p.). Economists--Biography; Economics--History. Landmark essays by Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, Thorsten Veblen, and John Maynard Keynes, to Carlo DeVito. Classics that created, defined Wall Street, entire economic system (market forces, government policies that have shaped world, future).

William W. Lewis (2004). The Power of Productivity: Wealth, Poverty, and the Threat to Global Stability. (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 339 p.). Founding Director (McKinsey Global Institute). Industrial productivity; Economic policy; Competition, International; Consumption (Economics); Investments, Foreign; Wealth; Poverty; Economic stabilization; Economic development; Microeconomics. 

John R. Lott Jr. (1999). Are Predatory Commitments Credible?: Who Should the Courts Believe? (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 173 p.). Senior Research Scholar at Yale University Law School. Predatory pricing--United States; Antitrust law--United States. Series: Studies in law and economics.

Louis P. Cain and Samuel H. Williamson Lyons, Eds. John S. (2008). Reflections on the Cliometrics Revolution: Conversations with Economic Historians. (New York, NY: Routledge, 491 p.). Economics--History; historians--economics. "New economic history" revolution changed face of discipline, spawned generation of cliometricians; 25 pioneering scholars reflect on changes in practice of economic history they have observed, helped to bring about; history of  cliometrics revolution, economic history in general.

Jeffrey Madrick (2002). Why Economies Grow: The Forces That Shape Prosperity and How We Can Get Them Working Again. (New York, NY: Basic Books, 242 p.). Economic development; Commerce; Information--Economic aspects; Economic history; United States--Economic conditions; United States--Economic policy.

Alfred L. Malabre, Jr. (1994). Lost Prophets: An Insider's History of the Modern Economists. (Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 256 p;.). Economics--United States--History--20th century; Economists--United States; United States--Economic policy.

Marilu Hurt McCarty (2001). The Nobel Laureates: How the World's Greatest Economic Minds Shaped Modern Thought. (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 397 p.). Economics--History--20th century; Economists; Nobel Prizes--History. Author interlaces the extraordinary contributions of these world-class economists with the historical circumstances that motivated them, providing fascinating insight into modern economic thought.

Donald McCloskey (1998). The Rhetoric of Economics. (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 223 p. [2nd ed.]). Academic. Economics-Rhetoric. 

Deidre N. McCloskey (2000). How To Be Human-- Though an Economist. (Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 287 p.). Economics--Philosophy.

Richard B. McKenzie (2008). Why Popcorn Costs So Much at the Movies: And Other Pricing Puzzles. (Berlin, Germany: Springer, 400 p .). Professor, Economics and Walter B. Gerken Chair of Enterprise & Society (University of California, Irvine). Economic history; Social history; Economics--Sociological aspects; United States--Economic conditions. Solutions to pricing puzzles (cost of popcorn, why so many prices end with "9", why ink cartridges can cost as much as printers, why stores use sales, coupons, rebates); 'killing' effects of 9/11 terrorists on relative prices of modes of travel; starvation, de-forestation effects of well-meaning efforts to spur use of alternative, supposedly environmentally friendly fuels.

Bill McKibben (2007). Deep Economy: The Wealth of Communities and the Durable Future. (New York, NY: Times Books, 262 p.). Former Staff Writer for The New Yorker, Scholar in Residence at Middlebury College. Economic development--Social aspects; Community development. Ways that growth economics have led us astray, "more" is no longer synonymous with "better", need to move beyond "growth" as paramount economic ideal, pursue prosperity in more local direction.

Richard R. Nelson (1996). The Sources of Economic Growth. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 328 p.). George Blumenthal Professor of International and Public Affairs, Business, and Law, Emeritus (Columbia University). Economic development; Technological innovations--Economic aspects; Social institutions. Technological advance is the key driving force behind economic growth; exposes the intimate connections among government policies, science-based universities, growth of technology.

--- (2005). Technology, Institutions, and Economic Growth. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 312 p.). George Blumenthal Professor of International and Public Affairs, Business, and Law, Emeritus (Columbia University). Economic development; Technology--Economic aspects; Institutional economics. Alternative theory (to standard neo-classical theory) to explain phenomenon of economic growth; involves co-evolution of technologies, institutions, and industry structure.

Leonard N. Newfeldt (1989). The Economist: Henry Thoreau and Enterprise. (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 210 p.). Thoreau, Henry David, 1817-1862 --Knowledge--Economics; Economics in literature; Economics--United States--History--19th century.

Jurg Niehans (1990). A History of Economic Theory: Classic Contributions, 1720-1980. (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 578 p.). Economics--History.

Douglass C. North (2005). Understanding the Process of Economic Change. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 208 p.). Professor of Economics and Spencer T. Olin Professor in Arts and Sciences (Washington University); Winner - 1993 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences. Evolutionary economics; Economics--Sociological aspects; Institutional economics. 

D. P. O'Brien (1993). Thomas Joplin and Classical Macroeconomics: A Reappraisal of Classical Monetary Thought. (Brookfield, VT: E. Elgar, 289 p.). Professor Emeritus of Economics (University of Durham). Joplin, T. (Thomas), 1790?-1847; Economists --Great Britain --Biography; Economics --Great Britain --History --19th century; Monetary policy --Great Britain --History --19th century; Banks and banking --Great Britain --History --19th century; Macroeconomics --History --19th century.

D. P. O'Brien (2007). The Development of Monetary Economics: A Modern Perspective on Monetary Controversies. (Northampton, MA: E. Elgar, 265 p.). Professor Emeritus of Economics (University of Durham). Monetary policy --History. Development of economists' ideas about money and monetary policy (monetary economics) from Jean Bodin in sixteenth century to Thomas Joplin, Walter Bagehot in nineteenth century.

Haim Ofek (2001). Second Nature: Economic Origins of Human Evolution. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 254 p.). Professor of Economics (Binghampton University, Sate University of New York). Human evolution; Economics, Prehistoric; Commerce, Prehistoric; Economic history. Impact of economics on human evolution and natural history. 

Mancur Olson (1971). The Logic of Collective Action; Public Goods and the Theory of Groups. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 186 p.). Social groups; Social interaction. 

--- (1982). The Rise and Decline of Nations: Economic Growth, Stagflation, and Social Rigidities. (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 273 p.). Economic development; Unemployment--Effect of inflation on; Caste--India; Economics.

Paul Ormerod (2000). Butterfly Economics: A New General Theory of Social and Economic Behavior. (New York, NY: Pantheon Books, 217 p.). Head, Economic Assessment Unit, The Economist. Economic policy; Economics--Sociological aspects. 

Johan Van Overtveldt (2007). The Chicago School: How the University of Chicago Assembled the Thinkers Who Revolutionized Economics and Business. (Chicago, IL: Agate, 432 p.). Director of VKW Metena, Belgium-based Think Tank; formerly chief economist for Belgian newsmagazine Trends. Chicago school of economics--History. In-depth history of  Chicago School of Economics, revolutionized economic orthodoxy in second half of twentieth century, dominated Nobel Prizes awarded in economics, changed how business is done around world.

John Perkins (2004). Confessions of an Economic Hit Man. (San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 264 p.). Former Chief Economist and Director of Economics and Regional Planning, Chas. T. Main, Inc. Perkins, John, 1945- ; United States. National Security Agency--Biography; Chas. T. Main, Inc.; World Bank--Developing countries; Economists--United States--Biography; Energy consultants--United States--Biography; Intelligence agents--United States--Biography; Corporations, American--Foreign countries; Corporations, American--Corrupt practices; Imperialism--History--20th century; Imperialism--History--21st century. 

Mark Perlman and Charles R. McCann Jr. (1998) The Pillars of Economic Understanding: Ideas and Traditions. (Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 639 p.). Economics--History.

William Petersen; with a new introduction by the author (1999). Malthus. (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 302 p. [orig. pub. 1979]). Malthus, T. R., (Thomas Robert), 1766-1834; Demographers--Great Britain--Biography; Economists--Great Britain--Biography.

Paul Poast (2005). The Economics of War. (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 240 p.). Lecturer in Economics (Ohio State University). War--Economic aspects; War--Economic aspects--United States. Examples of war to explain economic concepts  (macroeconomics of public spending on war, game theory from cold war strategy, market monopoly and industrial structure of arms industry). 

Louis Putterman (2001). Dollars and Change: Economics in Context. (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 284 p.). Professor of Economics (Brown University). Economics; Economic history; Social history.

D. D. Raphael, Donald Winch, Robert Skidelsky (1997). Three Great Economists. (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 382 p.). Smith, Adam, 1723-1790; Malthus, T. R. (Thomas Robert), 1766-1834; Keynes, John Maynard, 1883-1946; Economists--Great Britain; Economics--History.

Melvin W. Reder (1999). Economics: The Culture of a Controversial Science. (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 384 p.). Economics; Economists.  

Lord Robbins (1971). Autobiography of an Economist. (London, UK: Macmillan, 301 p.). Former Professor (London School of Economics). Robbins, Lionel Robbins, Baron, 1898-1990; Economists--Great Britain--Biography.

Alessandro Roncaglia (2005). The Wealth of Ideas: A History of Economic Thought. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 582 p. [orig. pub. 2001 in Italian]). Economics--History. 

Theodore Rosenof (1997). Economics in the Long Run: New Deal Theorists and Their Legacies, 1933-1993. (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 223 p.). Keynes, John Maynard, 1883-1946; Hansen, Alvin Harvey, 1887- ; Means, Gardiner Coit, 1896- ; Schumpeter, Joseph Alois, 1883-1950; Economics--History--20th century; New Deal, 1933-1939; United States--Economic policy.

Ian Simpson Ross (1995). The Life of Adam Smith. (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 495 p.). Smith, Adam, 1723-1790; Economists--Great Britain--Biography.

W.W. Rostow (1990). The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 272 p. [3rd ed.]). Economic development; Capitalism -- United States; Marxian economics; Comparative economics.

Paul A. Samuelson (1982). Foundations of Economic Analysis. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 604 p.). Economics, Mathematical. Significant work on price theory.

Eds. Paul A. Samuelson and William A. Barnett (2006). Inside the Economists Mind: The History of Modern Economic Thought, as Explained by Those Who Produced It. (Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub., 456 p.). Economists--Interviews; Economists--Biography; Economics; Economics--History--20th century. Interviews with top economists of the 20th century focus on human side and intellectual dimensions of how economists work and think.

Margaret Schabas (1990). A World Ruled by Number: William Stanley Jevons and the Rise of Mathematical Economics. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 192 p.). Jevons, William Stanley, 1835-1882; Economics, Mathematical.

--- (2005). The Natural Origins of Economics. (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 208 p.). Professor in and Head of the Department of Philosophy (University of British Columbia). Economics; Science. Evolution of economic ideas within the history of science. 

E. F. Schumacher (1998). Small Is Beautiful; Economics as If People Mattered. (Vancouver, BC: Hartley & Marks, 290 p. - 25 Years Later...With Commentaries). Economics.

Jordan A. Schwarz (1987). Liberal : Adolf A. Berle and the Vision of an American Era. (New York, NY: Free Press, 452 p.). Berle, Adolf Augustus, 1895-1971; Statesmen--United States--Biography; Economists--United States--Biography; New Deal, 1933-1939; United States--Politics and government--1933-1945; United States--Politics and government--1945-1989.

Paul Seabright (2004). The Company of Strangers: A Natural History of Economic Life. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 304 p.). Professor of Economics (University of Toulouse, France). Social capital (Sociology); Economics--Sociological aspects; Sociobiology; Strangers; Trust. Evolutionary, sociological account of emergence of economic institutions that manage markets, world's myriad other affairs.

Michael Shermer (2007). The Mind of the Market: Compassionate Apes, Competitive Humans, and Other Tales from Evolutionary Economics. (New York, NY: Times Books, 320 p.). Columnist for Scientific American. Evolutionary economics; Economics--Psychological aspects. How evolution shaped modern economy; evolutionary roots of economic behavior (bargaining, snap purchases, brands, trust in business, holding on to losing stocks, negotiations as tit-for-tat disputes, cooperation, money is not happiness, reward in work.

Leonard Silk (1976). The Economists. (New York, NY: Basic Books, 294 p.). Economics Reporter (New York Times). Economists--United States--Biography.

Julian L. Simon (1999). The Economic Consequences of Immigration. (Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 434 p. [2nd ed.]). Immigrants--United States; United States--Emigration and immigration--Economic aspects. Examines each significant economic mechanisms by which immigrants affect natives (transfer-and-tax system, production capital, human capital, physical infrastructure, productivity, environmental externalities, unemployment); concludes immigration is, on the whole, beneficial to U.S. natives (similar experience in Canada, Australia) - immigrants displace fewer jobs than they create, are better educated than majority of U.S. workers, are no more a drain on welfare system than general population.

--- (2002). A Life Against the Grain: The Autobiography of an Unconventional Economist. (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 359 p.). Professor of Economics (University of Maryland). Simon, Julian Lincoln, 1932- ; Economists United States Biography. 

Mark Skousen (2001). The Making of Modern Economics: The Lives and Ideas of the Great Thinkers. (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 487 p.). Economics--History; Economics--Philosophy; Economists--Biography.

--- (2005). Vienna and Chicago, Friends or Foes?: A Tale of Two Schools of Free-Market Economics. (Washington, DC: Regnery Pub., 318 p.). Teaches Economics at Columbia University, Editor of Forecasts & Strategies. Austrian school of economics; Chicago school of economics; Economics--History. Monetary policy, business cycle, government policy, methodology - which is correct in its theories?

--- (2007). The Big Three in Economics: Adam Smith, Karl Marx, and John Maynard Keynes. (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 256 p.). Teaches Economics at Columbia University, Editor of Forecasts & Strategies. Smith, Adam, 1723-1790.; Marx, Karl, 1818-1883; Keynes, John Maynard, 1883-1946; Economists--History; Economics--Philosophy. Play fundamental role in today's politics and economics: 1) Adam Smith - laissez faire; 2) Karl Marx - radical socialist model; 3) John Maynard Keynes - big government, welfare state.

Robert Sobel (1980). The Worldly Economists. (New York, NY: Free Press, 260 p.). Academic (Hofstra University). Economists--United States--Biography.

George H. Soule (1952). Ideas of the Great Economists. (New York, NY: Viking, 218 p.). Economics-History.

Thomas Sowell (2004). Applied Economics: Thinking Beyond Stage One. (New York, NY: Basic Books, 246 p.). Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution (Stanford University). Economics--Political aspects; Economic policy--Social aspects; Equality; Social problems; Economic development; Economics. 

--- (2006). On Classical Economics. (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 320 p.). Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution (Stanford University). Classical school of economics; Economics--History. How certain economic concepts and tools of analysis arose between the 1770s and the 1870s.

Donald R. Stabile (1996). Work and Welfare: The Social Costs of Labor in the History of Economic Thought. (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 224 p.). Labor; Wages; Cost and standard of living; Basic needs; Externalities (Economics); Welfare economics; Economics -- History. Series Contributions in economics and economic history.

--- (2005). Forerunners of Modern Financial Economics: A Random Walk in the History of Economic Thought. (Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar, 173 p.). Professor of the College at St. Mary's College of Maryland. Finance--Statistical methods--History--20th century; Capital market--Statistical methods--History--20th century; Economists--History--20th century; Economics, Mathematical--History--20th century. Work of economists who used statistics to analyze financial markets before 1950.

Herbert Stein with Murray Foss (2000). An Illustrated Guide to the American Economy. (Washington, DC: AEI Press, 285 p. [3red rev. ed.]). Economic Conditions, 1981-.

George J. Stigler (1965). Essays in the History of Economics. (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 391 p.). Economics.

--- (1988). Memoirs of an Unregulated Economist. (New York, NY: Basic Books, 228 p.). Stigler, George Joseph, 1911- ; Economists--United States--Biography; Chicago school of economics.

Michael Szenberg; foreword by Paul A. Samuelson (1998). Passion and Craft: Economists at Work. (Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 314 p.). Economists--Biography; Economics--Philosophy.

Frank W. Taussig; with a new introduction by Warren J. Samuels (1989). Inventors and Money-Makers. (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 138 p. [orig. pub. 1930]). Economic man; Economics--Psychological aspects.

Mark C. Taylor (2004). Confidence Games: Money and Markets in a World without Redemption. (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 395 p.). Cluett Professor of Humanities (Williams College). Economics--Religious aspects; Art--Economic aspects; Money--Religious aspects; Economics--Religious aspects--Christianity.

Richard H. Thaler and Cass R. Sunstein (2008). Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth, and Happiness. (New Haven, NH: Yale University Press, 304 p.). Robert P. Gwinn Professor of Behavioral Science and Economics, Director of the Center for Decision Research, Graduate School of Business (University of Chicago); Department of Political Science University of Chicago Law School. Economics--Psychological aspects; Choice (Psychology)--Economic aspects; Decision making--Psychological aspects; Consumer behavior. Humans  are susceptible to various biases that can lead to blunder, mistakes which make us poorer, less healthy; can design choice environments that make it easier to choose what is best for themselves, their families, their society; how thoughtful "choice architecture" can be established to nudge us in beneficial directions without restricting freedom of choice.

Robert L. Tignor (12/1/2005). W. Arthur Lewis and the Birth of Development Economics. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 312 p.). Rosengarten Professor of Modern and Contemporary History (Princeton University). Lewis, W. Arthur (William Arthur), 1915- ; Princeton University--Faculty--Biography; African American economists--Biography; Development economics; Economic development; Ghana--Economic conditions; Africa--Economic conditions. New view of this renowned economist and his impact on economic growth in the twentieth century.

Rick Tilman (2001). Ideology and Utopia in the Social Philosophy of the Libertarian Economists. (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 196 p.). Economics -- Sociological aspects; Libertarianism. 

Alvin Toffler and Heidi Toffler (2006). Revolutionary Wealth: How It Will Be Created and How It Will Change Our Lives. (New York, NY: Knopf, 492 p.). Toffler Associates. Economic forecasting; Wealth; Social change; Social prediction; Economic history--1945- ; Social history--1945- ; Civilization, Modern--1950- Twenty-first century--Forecasts. How tomorrow’s wealth will be created, who will get it, how. money is no longer sole determinate of wealth.

Paul B. Truscott (2006). Jingji Xue: History of the Introduction of Western Economic Ideas into China 1850--1950. (Hong Kong, China: The Chinese University Press, 550 p.). Professor Emeritus of Economics (Southern Illinois University). Economics--History--China--190th century; Economics--History--China--20th century. How economics, as concept, intellectual discipline, was introduced, developed in China; identifies Chinese who studied economics in West, evaluates their roles in teaching, research, publication in China; describes, examines activities of Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, Sun Yat-sen, Yan Fu in transmitting, interpreting Western economics; evolution of economics programs in leading Chinese universities.

Lynn Turgeon (1996). Bastard Keynesianism: The Evolution of Economic Thinking and Policymaking Since World War II. (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 156 p.). Keynesian economics; United States--Economic policy; United States--Economic conditions--1945-.

Juan Gabriel Valdés (1995). Pinochet's Economists: The Chicago School in Chile. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 334 p.). Chicago school of economics; Chile--Economic conditions--1973-1988; Chile--Economic policy.

Jude Wanniski (1998). The Way the World Works: How Economies Fail--and Succeed. (New York, NY: Basic Books, 366 p. [4th ed.]). President, Polyconomics. Economics. 

David Warsh (2006). Knowledge and the Wealth of Nations: A Story of Economic Discovery. (New York, NY: Norton, 426 p.). Former Economics Columnist (Boston Globe). Economics--Research--United States; Economics--Study and teaching--United States; Economics--United States--History; Economists--United States. Social world of economic research, intellectual revolution swept economics profession between late 1970s-late 1980s; story of new growth theory.

Charles Wheelan; foreword by Burton G. Malkiel (2002). Naked Economics: Undressing the Dismal Science. (New York, NY: Norton, 260 p.). Economics.

Virgle Glenn Wilhite (1958). Founders of American Economic Thought and Policy. (New York, NY: Bookman Associates, 442 p.). Economics--United States--History.

Ed. Paul J. Zak; with a foreword by Michael C. Jensen. (2008). Moral Markets: The Critical Role of Values in the Economy. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 386 p.). Director of the Center for Neuroeconomics Studies, Professor of Economics (Claremont Graduate University). Economics--Moral and ethical aspects. Modern market exchange works only because most people, most of the time, act virtuously; how rules of market exchange have evolved to promote moral behavior, how exchange itself may make us more virtuous.

Stephen T. Ziliak and Deirdre N. McCloskey (